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    <p begin="00:00:00.18" dur="00:00:02.90">&gt;&gt; Good evening everybody.</p>
    <p begin="00:00:03.08" dur="00:00:07.10">[Clapping] Please take your seats thank you.</p>
    <p begin="00:00:10.18" dur="00:00:04.85">I&apos;m Susan Collins, the Joan and Sanford<br/>Weill Dean of the Gerald R. Ford School</p>
    <p begin="00:00:15.03" dur="00:00:05.50">of Public Policy, and it was such a<br/>pleasure to meet so many of you yesterday</p>
    <p begin="00:00:20.53" dur="00:00:03.71">at the third annual graduation open house.</p>
    <p begin="00:00:24.24" dur="00:00:05.78">And tonight, it is a great honor<br/>to welcome students, family,</p>
    <p begin="00:00:30.02" dur="00:00:06.05">friends and community members here for<br/>the formal highlight of our academic year,</p>
    <p begin="00:00:36.07" dur="00:00:04.95">the Ford&apos;s School&apos;s 2011 Commencement Ceremony.</p>
    <p begin="00:00:41.02" dur="00:00:04.76">I&apos;d like to begin by introducing to<br/>you the members of the platform party.</p>
    <p begin="00:00:45.78" dur="00:00:03.47">With me, on stage, is Robyn<br/>Wright, our commencement speaker</p>
    <p begin="00:00:49.25" dur="00:00:05.04">who will be introduced more fully in a few<br/>minutes, to Robyn&apos;s left is Janet Weiss,</p>
    <p begin="00:00:54.29" dur="00:00:03.92">the Dean of the Rackham Graduate School<br/>and the Universities Vice Provost</p>
    <p begin="00:00:58.21" dur="00:00:03.06">for Academic Affairs for graduate studies.</p>
    <p begin="00:01:01.27" dur="00:00:03.63">Officially, Janet is here to<br/>represent the University of Michigan,</p>
    <p begin="00:01:04.90" dur="00:00:04.73">but it is our great fortune to count her<br/>as a member of the Ford School faculty,</p>
    <p begin="00:01:09.63" dur="00:00:03.46">and we&apos;re honored that Janet<br/>can be with us today.</p>
    <p begin="00:01:13.09" dur="00:00:05.65">Also on stage are four additional faculty<br/>members, John Chamberlin, Mary Corcoran,</p>
    <p begin="00:01:18.74" dur="00:00:06.79">Ana Delbanco, and Yazir Henry, each of whom will<br/>speak or be recognized later in the program.</p>
    <p begin="00:01:25.53" dur="00:00:03.98">And finally, elected by their<br/>respective classmates</p>
    <p begin="00:01:29.51" dur="00:00:02.94">to provide the student commencement addresses,</p>
    <p begin="00:01:32.45" dur="00:00:04.27">we have soon to be Ford School MPP<br/>graduate, Joseph Person [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="00:01:36.72" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="00:01:36.79" dur="00:00:09.47">&gt;&gt; And B.A. graduate Tomaso<br/>Pavone [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="00:01:46.26" dur="00:00:06.96">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="00:01:53.22" dur="00:00:04.82">&gt;&gt; The wave of revolutions and protests<br/>in middle eastern North Africa this winter</p>
    <p begin="00:01:58.04" dur="00:00:05.19">and spring, have reminded us of<br/>the power of collective action.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:03.23" dur="00:00:03.22">The power that young people in<br/>particular have when they work</p>
    <p begin="00:02:06.45" dur="00:00:03.29">in concert and with a shared passion.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:09.74" dur="00:00:03.99">In February, President Obama<br/>said of the events in Egypt,</p>
    <p begin="00:02:13.73" dur="00:00:06.21">that we had witnessed a new generation emerge,<br/>a generation that uses their own creativity</p>
    <p begin="00:02:19.94" dur="00:00:03.45">and talent and technology<br/>to call for a government</p>
    <p begin="00:02:23.39" dur="00:00:03.22">that represents their hopes and not their fears.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:26.61" dur="00:00:03.98">A government that is responsive<br/>to their boundless aspirations.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:30.59" dur="00:00:04.93">In the words of one activist, we use<br/>Facebook to schedule the protests,</p>
    <p begin="00:02:35.52" dur="00:00:04.24">Twitter to coordinate, and<br/>YouTube to tell the world.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:39.76" dur="00:00:05.01">Tonight we are gathered to celebrate<br/>the achievements and launch the careers</p>
    <p begin="00:02:44.77" dur="00:00:05.30">of young people, somewhat closer<br/>to home, the classes of 2011.</p>
    <p begin="00:02:50.07" dur="00:00:06.34">Our graduates leave the Ford School tonight to<br/>engage with, and shoulder, a significant bundle</p>
    <p begin="00:02:56.41" dur="00:00:06.11">of public policy challenges, an uncertain<br/>economic recovery, global climate change,</p>
    <p begin="00:03:02.52" dur="00:00:05.37">violent conflicts, nuclear<br/>proliferation, partisanship and divisiveness</p>
    <p begin="00:03:07.89" dur="00:00:04.49">in our public dialogue, budget crisis, and more.</p>
    <p begin="00:03:12.38" dur="00:00:05.80">They will set out to apply their skills and<br/>energies to find creative solutions for those,</p>
    <p begin="00:03:18.18" dur="00:00:02.51">and other public policy challenges.</p>
    <p begin="00:03:20.69" dur="00:00:06.22">But before the Ford School classes of 2011 go on<br/>to shoulder their professional responsibilities,</p>
    <p begin="00:03:26.91" dur="00:00:03.98">this seems like a good opportunity<br/>for their family and friends to learn,</p>
    <p begin="00:03:30.89" dur="00:00:06.25">in case there&apos;s still a few questions, just<br/>what is a school of public policy anyway,</p>
    <p begin="00:03:37.14" dur="00:00:03.09">and what is a degree in public policy all about?</p>
    <p begin="00:03:40.23" dur="00:00:04.40">So let me take just a few moments to tell<br/>our guests a bit about the Ford school</p>
    <p begin="00:03:44.63" dur="00:00:04.79">and help them understand and<br/>appreciate all of your accomplishments.</p>
    <p begin="00:03:49.42" dur="00:00:05.81">The University of Michigan established<br/>our programs forerunner 97 years ago</p>
    <p begin="00:03:55.23" dur="00:00:05.14">as the first program of its kind in the<br/>nation created to train professionals</p>
    <p begin="00:04:00.37" dur="00:00:04.57">for public service, primarily at the<br/>time in state and local government.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:04.94" dur="00:00:05.24">In 1968, we were renamed and<br/>reoriented towards the application</p>
    <p begin="00:04:10.18" dur="00:00:04.45">of social science to building<br/>sound public policy.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:14.63" dur="00:00:06.47">And like today&apos;s MPP and MPA graduates,<br/>those students received rigorous training</p>
    <p begin="00:04:21.10" dur="00:00:05.03">in the quantitative analysis of economic,<br/>political, and organizational questions.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:26.13" dur="00:00:06.47">Over time, our focus has broadened considerably<br/>to encompass national and global issues as well.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:32.60" dur="00:00:05.37">In 1999, the school was named for the<br/>universities most distinguished alumnists,</p>
    <p begin="00:04:37.97" dur="00:00:04.75">President Gerald R. Ford, it&apos;s a name<br/>we are extremely proud of in light</p>
    <p begin="00:04:42.72" dur="00:00:04.81">of his lifelong commitment to<br/>exceptional principled public service,</p>
    <p begin="00:04:47.53" dur="00:00:02.04">his integrity and his civility.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:49.57" dur="00:00:05.81">Next Tuesday, I will be in Washington, D.C.,<br/>when the U.S. Congress dedicates a new statue</p>
    <p begin="00:04:55.38" dur="00:00:03.12">of President Ford in the Capitol Rotunda.</p>
    <p begin="00:04:58.50" dur="00:00:06.50">Congressman Fred Upton lead the House effort<br/>to install that statute, call President Ford,</p>
    <p begin="00:05:05.00" dur="00:00:07.66">and I quote, a Michigan original and a model<br/>for all those who are called to public service.</p>
    <p begin="00:05:12.66" dur="00:00:07.91">He went on to say, a seemingly ordinary American<br/>who unexpectedly found himself in the Presidency</p>
    <p begin="00:05:20.57" dur="00:00:03.12">at one of our nation&apos;s most tumultuous times.</p>
    <p begin="00:05:23.69" dur="00:00:06.32">Gerald Ford led with honesty and integrity<br/>by standing above the political fray,</p>
    <p begin="00:05:30.01" dur="00:00:04.06">President Ford allowed a wounded nation to heal.</p>
    <p begin="00:05:34.07" dur="00:00:04.52">Being named for President Ford remains a<br/>point of extreme pride for our students,</p>
    <p begin="00:05:38.59" dur="00:00:05.55">it was also an important milestone in our<br/>school history propelling us to a new era</p>
    <p begin="00:05:44.14" dur="00:00:04.94">in tremendous growth, our faculty, our<br/>students, and as many of you had a chance</p>
    <p begin="00:05:49.08" dur="00:00:02.35">to enjoy yesterday, our facilities.</p>
    <p begin="00:05:51.43" dur="00:00:01.59">It was transformational to move</p>
    <p begin="00:05:53.02" dur="00:00:03.56">into our beautiful new building,<br/>Weill Hall, just five years ago.</p>
    <p begin="00:05:56.58" dur="00:00:04.28">But it was the growth in our<br/>educational programs over the past decade</p>
    <p begin="00:06:00.86" dur="00:00:04.58">that has truly reshaped our identity<br/>making us a full service source</p>
    <p begin="00:06:05.44" dur="00:00:03.17">for outstanding public education.</p>
    <p begin="00:06:08.61" dur="00:00:06.10">Many helped, but two faculty leaders are<br/>particularly responsible for that leap forward,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:14.71" dur="00:00:04.98">Mary Corcoran, the founding director<br/>of our innovative joint PhD program,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:19.69" dur="00:00:04.79">and John Chamberlin the founding<br/>director of our undergraduate program.</p>
    <p begin="00:06:24.48" dur="00:00:04.09">Mary and John are both stepping down for<br/>their leadership positions this summer,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:28.57" dur="00:00:05.01">and for that reason, we&apos;d like to take a few<br/>moments to recognize their contributions.</p>
    <p begin="00:06:33.58" dur="00:00:03.83">Each was the chief architect of an<br/>academic program with the highest</p>
    <p begin="00:06:37.41" dur="00:00:05.49">of intellectual standards at one of the<br/>world&apos;s most prestigious universities.</p>
    <p begin="00:06:42.90" dur="00:00:05.08">If you listen to the members of our community<br/>talk about Mary and John, and their programs,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:47.98" dur="00:00:04.35">you&apos;ll certainly hear about quality<br/>and rigor of the academic training,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:52.33" dur="00:00:06.18">but about both those professors, you&apos;ll also<br/>hear over and over again, of their availability,</p>
    <p begin="00:06:58.51" dur="00:00:05.57">of how much they care for each student, of<br/>their ongoing mentoring connections with alumni,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:04.08" dur="00:00:05.31">and of the personal human touch that<br/>they brought, and bring, to their roles.</p>
    <p begin="00:07:09.39" dur="00:00:04.46">In 2001, the school launched its<br/>joint PhD programs with economics,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:13.85" dur="00:00:02.40">sociology, and political science.</p>
    <p begin="00:07:16.25" dur="00:00:02.48">Almost immediately this was a great success,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:18.73" dur="00:00:05.28">attracting high quality applicants who&apos;s<br/>advisors enthusiastically recommended the</p>
    <p begin="00:07:24.01" dur="00:00:06.21">program in large part because of Mary&apos;s sterling<br/>reputation as a researcher and a teacher.</p>
    <p begin="00:07:30.22" dur="00:00:03.07">As a director, Mary has whether,<br/>formally or informally,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:33.29" dur="00:00:03.44">mentored each of the 83 students<br/>who have matriculated.</p>
    <p begin="00:07:36.73" dur="00:00:05.99">We have 37 graduates to date, and they have gone<br/>on to tenure faculty positions at universities</p>
    <p begin="00:07:42.72" dur="00:00:03.82">and colleges, research work for<br/>private sector, think tanks,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:46.54" dur="00:00:02.48">and prestigious post apteral fellowships.</p>
    <p begin="00:07:49.02" dur="00:00:05.79">When asked to support our nomination of Mary<br/>for our Rackham Mentoring Award just last year,</p>
    <p begin="00:07:54.81" dur="00:00:05.24">her former students responded with<br/>effusive personal and professional praise.</p>
    <p begin="00:08:00.05" dur="00:00:06.31">They described her has empowering, the ultimate<br/>role model, full of enthusiasm and energy,</p>
    <p begin="00:08:06.36" dur="00:00:04.90">and they told us how overwhelmingly<br/>supported Mary makes her students feel</p>
    <p begin="00:08:11.26" dur="00:00:03.69">and they commended her encouragement<br/>of broad creative thinking.</p>
    <p begin="00:08:14.95" dur="00:00:06.45">So Mary, it is my great pleasure to thank you,<br/>publicly and on behalf of the Ford School,</p>
    <p begin="00:08:21.40" dur="00:00:04.11">for all you have done to craft<br/>and nurture our PhD program.</p>
    <p begin="00:08:25.51" dur="00:00:09.63">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:08:35.14" dur="00:00:02.37">&gt;&gt; These flowers are from our PhD students.</p>
    <p begin="00:08:37.51" dur="00:00:18.16">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:08:55.67" dur="00:00:04.27">&gt;&gt; We launched our undergraduate<br/>program in the fall of 2007.</p>
    <p begin="00:08:59.94" dur="00:00:04.34">It was a major intellectual and<br/>administrative undertaking for the school</p>
    <p begin="00:09:04.28" dur="00:00:03.97">to create a new degree program<br/>and it took years of planning.</p>
    <p begin="00:09:08.25" dur="00:00:03.64">A liberal arts degree for<br/>undergraduates is a very different endeavor</p>
    <p begin="00:09:11.89" dur="00:00:05.65">from the professional graduate policy education<br/>that we have offered for so many decades.</p>
    <p begin="00:09:17.54" dur="00:00:05.53">As a trusted and respected campus leader,<br/>John Chamberlin was exactly the right person</p>
    <p begin="00:09:23.07" dur="00:00:05.36">to guide these efforts, to pull the right people<br/>to the planning table to ask the right questions</p>
    <p begin="00:09:28.43" dur="00:00:03.10">and to get things done in a wonderful way.</p>
    <p begin="00:09:31.53" dur="00:00:05.54">Yesterday the B.A. graduates presented John<br/>with a beautiful photo album and memory book</p>
    <p begin="00:09:37.07" dur="00:00:02.85">as a token of their affection for him.</p>
    <p begin="00:09:39.92" dur="00:00:03.70">In it, the students thanked him<br/>for the community that he created,</p>
    <p begin="00:09:43.62" dur="00:00:05.65">they said that his door was always open,<br/>and he was always available for them.</p>
    <p begin="00:09:49.27" dur="00:00:05.52">John leaves behind the legacy of a high<br/>quality, thriving undergraduate program</p>
    <p begin="00:09:54.79" dur="00:00:05.68">with top notch University of Michigan students<br/>applying to attend and very committed faculty</p>
    <p begin="00:10:00.47" dur="00:00:02.53">who actively lobby to teach them.</p>
    <p begin="00:10:03.00" dur="00:00:04.20">John, from the faculty, students,<br/>and staff of the Ford School,</p>
    <p begin="00:10:07.20" dur="00:00:03.31">a heartfelt thank you for<br/>all that you have built.</p>
    <p begin="00:10:10.51" dur="00:00:17.25">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:10:27.76" dur="00:00:04.74">&gt;&gt; John, Mary, and all of the members<br/>of the Ford School&apos;s outstanding faculty</p>
    <p begin="00:10:32.50" dur="00:00:04.47">and staff are wearing lapel flowers<br/>this evening so that you can spot them.</p>
    <p begin="00:10:36.97" dur="00:00:03.46">Our excellent faculty have broad interests,</p>
    <p begin="00:10:40.43" dur="00:00:05.51">their joint appointments connect us throughout<br/>the university to economics, political science,</p>
    <p begin="00:10:45.94" dur="00:00:07.34">sociology, math, history, business, social<br/>work, education, natural resources, information,</p>
    <p begin="00:10:53.28" dur="00:00:05.20">urban planning, and more, we also have<br/>a terrific professional staff team</p>
    <p begin="00:10:58.48" dur="00:00:02.47">that keeps the education, the research,</p>
    <p begin="00:11:00.95" dur="00:00:03.42">and the public service missions<br/>of the school moving forward.</p>
    <p begin="00:11:04.37" dur="00:00:05.70">I&apos;d like to ask all of the faculty and staff<br/>now to stand please, and I&apos;d like you to join me</p>
    <p begin="00:11:10.07" dur="00:00:02.44">in thanking them for all that they do.</p>
    <p begin="00:11:12.51" dur="00:00:25.88">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:11:38.39" dur="00:00:04.92">&gt;&gt; And now, for the accomplishments<br/>of tonight&apos;s graduates,</p>
    <p begin="00:11:43.31" dur="00:00:05.40">what have they learned during their time here<br/>and what have they already given back to us?</p>
    <p begin="00:11:48.71" dur="00:00:05.25">Let&apos;s start with the six new PhD graduates,<br/>their training at the University of Michigan was</p>
    <p begin="00:11:53.96" dur="00:00:03.03">in disciplinary and policy relevant.</p>
    <p begin="00:11:56.99" dur="00:00:04.26">Students developed a strong theoretical<br/>grounding in a social science discipline</p>
    <p begin="00:12:01.25" dur="00:00:05.73">and paired that with rigorous coursework<br/>and empirical methods and policy analysis.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:06.98" dur="00:00:05.81">This particular group is extraordinarily<br/>accomplished and we&apos;re very proud of them.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:12.79" dur="00:00:06.04">The 98 students receiving<br/>a Master&apos;s Degree tonight,</p>
    <p begin="00:12:18.83" dur="00:00:02.24">let me talk about them very briefly next.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:21.07" dur="00:00:04.09">The Ford School&apos;s rigorous MPP<br/>and MPA curriculum is designed</p>
    <p begin="00:12:25.16" dur="00:00:05.65">to give students the skills to collect,<br/>analyze, evaluate, and present information</p>
    <p begin="00:12:30.81" dur="00:00:02.66">about a wide range of public concerns.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:33.47" dur="00:00:04.65">We encourage students to take seminars<br/>that involve real world policy projects,</p>
    <p begin="00:12:38.12" dur="00:00:04.82">and we require that our MPP students complete<br/>a summer internship applying what they have</p>
    <p begin="00:12:42.94" dur="00:00:02.99">learned in the classroom in the real world.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:45.93" dur="00:00:04.74">Our graduate students are incredibly<br/>diverse, they speak 19 different languages,</p>
    <p begin="00:12:50.67" dur="00:00:06.73">they come from 14 different countries,<br/>and they include eight different Sarah&apos;s.</p>
    <p begin="00:12:57.40" dur="00:00:04.01">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:13:01.41" dur="00:00:05.06">&gt;&gt; About 40% of the classes already<br/>finalized their immediate employment plans,</p>
    <p begin="00:13:06.47" dur="00:00:03.78">and I&apos;d like to personally reassure<br/>the parents, that if anything,</p>
    <p begin="00:13:10.25" dur="00:00:03.84">our current employment rate is<br/>a bit ahead of recent years,</p>
    <p begin="00:13:14.09" dur="00:00:04.82">all of our graduates will find work in<br/>city, state, or federal governments,</p>
    <p begin="00:13:18.91" dur="00:00:06.90">in the private sector, in think<br/>tanks, or NGO&apos;s in the U.S. or abroad.</p>
    <p begin="00:13:25.81" dur="00:00:05.54">Now let me turn to the 57 students graduating<br/>today with a Bachelor of Arts in Public Policy.</p>
    <p begin="00:13:31.35" dur="00:00:04.76">A true liberal arts degree, our program<br/>emphasizes thinking across disciplines</p>
    <p begin="00:13:36.11" dur="00:00:03.65">to understand a policy challenge<br/>and develop solutions.</p>
    <p begin="00:13:39.76" dur="00:00:04.26">Our first two classes, two that have<br/>graduated, are already finding success</p>
    <p begin="00:13:44.02" dur="00:00:03.42">in teaching politics, research, and analysis,</p>
    <p begin="00:13:47.44" dur="00:00:03.96">sales and graduate programs<br/>such as law and medicine.</p>
    <p begin="00:13:51.40" dur="00:00:03.60">The B.A. students are curious,<br/>hardworking, and engaged, and bring vitality</p>
    <p begin="00:13:55.00" dur="00:00:03.84">to the school approaching their<br/>studies with great seriousness.</p>
    <p begin="00:13:58.84" dur="00:00:06.41">This group boasts 13 Phi Beta Kappa&apos;s and 26<br/>Angel Scholars, and leaders from a variety</p>
    <p begin="00:14:05.25" dur="00:00:04.90">of campus rounds including athletics,<br/>publication, politics, and more.</p>
    <p begin="00:14:10.15" dur="00:00:06.18">The B.A. and MPP graduating classes presented<br/>the school with a very generous parting gift,</p>
    <p begin="00:14:16.33" dur="00:00:05.86">totaling more than $14,000 to fund<br/>internships for future classes.</p>
    <p begin="00:14:22.19" dur="00:00:05.14">The students&apos; generosity speaks volumes<br/>about how much these students believe</p>
    <p begin="00:14:27.33" dur="00:00:03.46">in the value of a Ford School education.</p>
    <p begin="00:14:30.79" dur="00:00:03.55">We know that our graduates did not<br/>arrive at their accomplishments alone,</p>
    <p begin="00:14:34.34" dur="00:00:06.24">we&apos;re also joined by some 800 family members<br/>and friends this evening, and I know that all</p>
    <p begin="00:14:40.58" dur="00:00:06.05">of our graduates value the love and the support<br/>that you&apos;ve all have provided over the years.</p>
    <p begin="00:14:46.63" dur="00:00:04.08">I&apos;d like the give the graduates, as<br/>well as the Ford School community,</p>
    <p begin="00:14:50.71" dur="00:00:05.80">a chance to thank the family and<br/>friends of our graduating classes.</p>
    <p begin="00:14:56.51" dur="00:00:13.98">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:15:10.49" dur="00:00:05.65">&gt;&gt; And to you, graduates, on behalf of<br/>the Ford School, I&apos;d like to say thank you</p>
    <p begin="00:15:16.14" dur="00:00:05.02">for your investment in this, in our<br/>shared community, it&apos;s been a pleasure</p>
    <p begin="00:15:21.16" dur="00:00:02.80">to work with you and to get to know you.</p>
    <p begin="00:15:23.96" dur="00:00:04.56">I know that many of you have very mixed<br/>feelings about what today represents,</p>
    <p begin="00:15:28.52" dur="00:00:07.25">you&apos;ll miss your classmates, the charity<br/>auction, Gamma Ro Phi, being snowed in,</p>
    <p begin="00:15:35.77" dur="00:00:04.05">D.C. career trips, snowed out D.C. careers.</p>
    <p begin="00:15:39.82" dur="00:00:01.23">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:15:41.05" dur="00:00:07.68">&gt;&gt; Dominick&apos;s, Denard, Big Lebowski bowling<br/>nights, and so much more, but in spite of all</p>
    <p begin="00:15:48.73" dur="00:00:06.44">that you&apos;ll miss, today is also full of the<br/>promise and hope of the future, with new jobs,</p>
    <p begin="00:15:55.17" dur="00:00:03.73">new cities, new friends, and new challenges.</p>
    <p begin="00:15:58.90" dur="00:00:05.83">The legendary ground breaking entertainer and<br/>civil rights activist Lena Horn once said,</p>
    <p begin="00:16:04.73" dur="00:00:04.80">it&apos;s not the load that breaks you<br/>down, it&apos;s the way that you carry it.</p>
    <p begin="00:16:09.53" dur="00:00:03.06">We all know that just outside<br/>of these doors, our nation,</p>
    <p begin="00:16:12.59" dur="00:00:05.02">and our world faces significant<br/>challenges, heavy loads for public servants</p>
    <p begin="00:16:17.61" dur="00:00:07.81">and citizens alike, and so, to our<br/>graduates, I say, carry your load together,</p>
    <p begin="00:16:25.42" dur="00:00:04.18">carry it with the same commitment<br/>to community, and friendship,</p>
    <p begin="00:16:29.60" dur="00:00:03.84">and connection that you found<br/>here at the Ford School.</p>
    <p begin="00:16:33.44" dur="00:00:04.12">Carry it in concert with others, with<br/>your classmates, and with colleagues</p>
    <p begin="00:16:37.56" dur="00:00:02.93">and friends that you&apos;ll meet along the way.</p>
    <p begin="00:16:40.49" dur="00:00:06.24">From my part, I have great optimism because<br/>I know that you are among the ones headed</p>
    <p begin="00:16:46.73" dur="00:00:05.06">out to shoulder the challenges of our<br/>time, and I know how hard you&apos;ve worked,</p>
    <p begin="00:16:51.79" dur="00:00:05.32">I know that you&apos;ve armed yourself with the<br/>best public policy education available.</p>
    <p begin="00:16:57.11" dur="00:00:05.11">We are so proud of you, we will remember<br/>you, we will follow your achievements</p>
    <p begin="00:17:02.22" dur="00:00:06.74">with great interest, and we truly hope that<br/>you will remain engaged with the Ford School.</p>
    <p begin="00:17:08.96" dur="00:00:06.78">Please follow us on Twitter, read our magazine,<br/>talk about the school in your professional</p>
    <p begin="00:17:15.74" dur="00:00:06.69">and personal circles, join our<br/>LinkedIn group, hire our students,</p>
    <p begin="00:17:22.43" dur="00:00:03.14">maybe even fund an internship, but know</p>
    <p begin="00:17:25.57" dur="00:00:04.57">that you will always have an<br/>academic home here in Ann Arbor.</p>
    <p begin="00:17:30.14" dur="00:00:06.37">So congratulations and best wishes<br/>to all of you in the class of 2011.</p>
    <p begin="00:17:36.51" dur="00:00:15.29">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:17:51.80" dur="00:00:05.96">&gt;&gt; And now, I would like to introduce our<br/>2011 commencement speaker, Robyn Wright,</p>
    <p begin="00:17:57.76" dur="00:00:03.10">a senior fellow at the United<br/>States Institute of Peace</p>
    <p begin="00:18:00.86" dur="00:00:03.18">and the Woodrow Wilson International<br/>Center for Scholars.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:04.04" dur="00:00:04.45">Robyn grew up right here in Ann Arbor,<br/>she graduated from Pioneer High School</p>
    <p begin="00:18:08.49" dur="00:00:04.72">and then earned a Bachelor&apos;s Degree and a<br/>Master&apos;s Degree from the University of Michigan.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:13.21" dur="00:00:06.20">She&apos;s remained a good friend to her<br/>Alma Mater while forging a very broad</p>
    <p begin="00:18:19.41" dur="00:00:02.96">and deep international career in journalism.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:22.37" dur="00:00:04.24">Robyn was a long time foreign<br/>correspondent covering U.S. policy, wars,</p>
    <p begin="00:18:26.61" dur="00:00:03.30">and revolutions in the Middle<br/>East, Europe, and Africa.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:29.91" dur="00:00:06.05">She&apos;s reported for more than 140 countries<br/>on six continents for the Washington Post,</p>
    <p begin="00:18:35.96" dur="00:00:04.45">the Los Angeles Times, the<br/>Sunday Times of London, CBS News,</p>
    <p begin="00:18:40.41" dur="00:00:01.91">and The Christian Science Monitor.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:42.32" dur="00:00:04.71">She&apos;s also written for the New Yorker,<br/>the Atlantic Monthly, Foreign Affairs,</p>
    <p begin="00:18:47.03" dur="00:00:04.23">Foreign Policy, the New York Times, the<br/>International Herald Tribune, and others.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:51.26" dur="00:00:05.14">If you watch national news programs such as<br/>Meet the Press, Frontline, and Face the Nation,</p>
    <p begin="00:18:56.40" dur="00:00:03.32">you&apos;ve surely have heard her incisive analysis.</p>
    <p begin="00:18:59.72" dur="00:00:04.69">She is the author of several books on<br/>Iran, including the Last Great Revolution,</p>
    <p begin="00:19:04.41" dur="00:00:03.76">Turmoil and Transformation<br/>in Iran, which was named one</p>
    <p begin="00:19:08.17" dur="00:00:04.19">of the 25 most memorable<br/>books for the year in 2000.</p>
    <p begin="00:19:12.36" dur="00:00:05.43">Robyn, I&apos;m so pleased to welcome you back<br/>to Ann Arbor, we&apos;re honored and very proud</p>
    <p begin="00:19:17.79" dur="00:00:06.72">to have you here with us today to<br/>deliver our 2011 commencement address.</p>
    <p begin="00:19:24.51" dur="00:00:10.03">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:19:34.54" dur="00:00:01.83">&gt;&gt; Thank you very much Dean Collins.</p>
    <p begin="00:19:36.37" dur="00:00:05.78">I want to begin on a light note, as I watch<br/>the soon to be graduates walk in, I thought,</p>
    <p begin="00:19:42.15" dur="00:00:03.10">now you know what Kate Middleton<br/>felt like yesterday.</p>
    <p begin="00:19:45.25" dur="00:00:02.20">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:19:47.45" dur="00:00:05.77">&gt;&gt; I&apos;m honored to be here, I love<br/>this town and I love this university.</p>
    <p begin="00:19:53.22" dur="00:00:05.88">It&apos;s a great place to get a really good<br/>grounding, to get a sense of yourself,</p>
    <p begin="00:19:59.10" dur="00:00:02.76">both professionally and personally.</p>
    <p begin="00:20:01.86" dur="00:00:06.15">I got, what I call my, accidental career here<br/>when I met one of my classmates in the hall</p>
    <p begin="00:20:08.01" dur="00:00:04.37">of our dormitory, and she was going<br/>off to join the Michigan Daily.</p>
    <p begin="00:20:12.38" dur="00:00:07.15">I had no interest in journalism, but I decided<br/>wouldn&apos;t it be a lurk, my father had only girls,</p>
    <p begin="00:20:19.53" dur="00:00:09.25">and he took us off to every Michigan sporting<br/>event, in the days we had good coaches.</p>
    <p begin="00:20:28.78" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:20:28.85" dur="00:00:00.80">&gt;&gt; I know, sorry.</p>
    <p begin="00:20:29.65" dur="00:00:00.38">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:20:30.03" dur="00:00:07.21">&gt;&gt; I follow Michigan football and<br/>basketball avidly to this day.</p>
    <p begin="00:20:37.24" dur="00:00:03.99">And so I decided I, wouldn&apos;t<br/>it be fun to write sports,</p>
    <p begin="00:20:41.23" dur="00:00:04.82">we&apos;ll there&apos;ve never been a female sports<br/>editor at the Michigan Daily and I was the first</p>
    <p begin="00:20:46.05" dur="00:00:04.77">and I broke the gender barrier at the Rose<br/>Bowl which is my very first scoop and I&apos;m proud</p>
    <p begin="00:20:50.82" dur="00:00:05.68">to hear there&apos;s one of my successors in the<br/>audience, Nicole Arbach [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="00:20:56.50" dur="00:00:04.12">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="00:21:00.62" dur="00:00:05.03">&gt;&gt; Today you join an amazing<br/>fraternity of Michigan alums all</p>
    <p begin="00:21:05.65" dur="00:00:03.73">over the world, I find them everywhere.</p>
    <p begin="00:21:09.38" dur="00:00:07.58">In 1975, I lived in Mozambique during<br/>its transition to independence,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:16.96" dur="00:00:05.18">there was a nine year waiting list for<br/>telephones, and I went down to the ministry</p>
    <p begin="00:21:22.14" dur="00:00:04.42">of information and I said look, I&apos;m a<br/>journalist, I&apos;m covering your independence,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:26.56" dur="00:00:06.25">I really need a telephone, and I finally found<br/>someone who spoke English not Portuguese,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:32.81" dur="00:00:03.49">and he, nothing I can do to<br/>help you, if you want to stay</p>
    <p begin="00:21:36.30" dur="00:00:04.13">around nine years you can get your phone<br/>and so forth, and I finally said to him,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:40.43" dur="00:00:07.81">you speak such good English, of course,<br/>he went to the University of Michigan,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:48.24" dur="00:00:03.54">so he said if I could sing hail to<br/>the victors, he would give me a phone.</p>
    <p begin="00:21:51.78" dur="00:00:00.31">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:21:52.09" dur="00:00:05.82">&gt;&gt; I stood on a chair, I<br/>sang, hail to the victors,</p>
    <p begin="00:21:57.91" dur="00:00:03.19">and not only did I get my<br/>phone, I never got a bill.</p>
    <p begin="00:22:01.10" dur="00:00:01.91">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:22:03.01" dur="00:00:07.03">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:22:10.04" dur="00:00:06.73">&gt;&gt; In Angola during the Civil War, I was in<br/>the southern third of the country and we were</p>
    <p begin="00:22:16.77" dur="00:00:02.50">under shell fire and so forth, and once again,</p>
    <p begin="00:22:19.27" dur="00:00:04.35">I found someone who spoke very good<br/>Americanized English and I said to him,</p>
    <p begin="00:22:23.62" dur="00:00:04.98">where did you learn your English, and of<br/>course, it was the University of Michigan,</p>
    <p begin="00:22:28.60" dur="00:00:02.74">and all he wanted to do was<br/>talk Michigan football</p>
    <p begin="00:22:31.34" dur="00:00:05.44">because all four years he was here he sat in<br/>34A, and every time I come home I ought to go</p>
    <p begin="00:22:36.78" dur="00:00:02.99">to the stadium and figure<br/>out exactly where that was.</p>
    <p begin="00:22:39.77" dur="00:00:05.30">When I was invited to give the charge<br/>to the class, I thought long and hard</p>
    <p begin="00:22:45.07" dur="00:00:04.06">about what it was I could talk to<br/>you about, what I could bring to you.</p>
    <p begin="00:22:49.13" dur="00:00:05.62">And I was struck by the memory of<br/>JK Rowling&apos;s commencement address</p>
    <p begin="00:22:54.75" dur="00:00:04.11">at Harvard when she talked about failure.</p>
    <p begin="00:22:58.86" dur="00:00:05.40">It was a fascinating commencement address<br/>because here was the richest author</p>
    <p begin="00:23:04.26" dur="00:00:07.96">in the world talking about the first<br/>13 rejections of her Harry Potter book,</p>
    <p begin="00:23:12.22" dur="00:00:07.75">and she talked about how failure had<br/>become an incentive and it had pushed her.</p>
    <p begin="00:23:19.97" dur="00:00:07.82">So I though what I could bring, as I<br/>said, and after covering a dozen wars</p>
    <p begin="00:23:27.79" dur="00:00:06.65">and assorted revolutions and uprisings around<br/>the world, I realized that the defining force</p>
    <p begin="00:23:34.44" dur="00:00:08.93">in my life, both personally and as a journalist<br/>covering other people&apos;s life, has been fear.</p>
    <p begin="00:23:43.37" dur="00:00:06.16">I received my M.A. from Michigan exactly<br/>40 years ago, I don&apos;t tell everybody that.</p>
    <p begin="00:23:49.53" dur="00:00:01.52">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:23:51.05" dur="00:00:10.09">&gt;&gt; So I&apos;ve been around a while, but for all the<br/>dangerous places and crazy war zones I go to,</p>
    <p begin="00:24:01.14" dur="00:00:07.87">I still have very deep phobias about<br/>many things, including elevators.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:09.01" dur="00:00:03.31">They booked me on the 15th<br/>floor of the campus inn,</p>
    <p begin="00:24:12.32" dur="00:00:05.37">and I walked down all 15<br/>floors to get here today.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:17.69" dur="00:00:05.62">Many years ago, I covered, as I mentioned this<br/>war in Angola, and it was a colorful conflict,</p>
    <p begin="00:24:23.31" dur="00:00:07.30">involved colorful European Mercenaries<br/>on one side, and Cuban troops</p>
    <p begin="00:24:30.61" dur="00:00:02.98">and Soviet advisors on the other.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:33.59" dur="00:00:06.85">It was also a particularly deadly war, I was<br/>the only journalist in the pen ultimate battle</p>
    <p begin="00:24:40.44" dur="00:00:03.46">for the entire northern part of the country.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:43.90" dur="00:00:03.52">It took place in a small town<br/>at the mouth of the Congo River.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:47.42" dur="00:00:05.50">Only 22 out of 350 of us, made it out alive,</p>
    <p begin="00:24:52.92" dur="00:00:06.03">in an old tugboat that made the<br/>African Queen look like a luxury liner.</p>
    <p begin="00:24:58.95" dur="00:00:04.33">Afterwards I won an award for the best reporting</p>
    <p begin="00:25:03.28" dur="00:00:04.74">in any medium requiring exceptional<br/>courage and initiative.</p>
    <p begin="00:25:08.02" dur="00:00:05.76">My mother went to New York to accept it because<br/>I was still off covering the last battle</p>
    <p begin="00:25:13.78" dur="00:00:07.79">in that war, and she actually got up in front<br/>of the major editors and television anchors</p>
    <p begin="00:25:21.57" dur="00:00:05.47">from across the country and told the story about<br/>how surprised she was that I won this award,</p>
    <p begin="00:25:27.04" dur="00:00:05.01">because I was so frightened of things as a child<br/>that she had to pay the neighbor boy to walk me</p>
    <p begin="00:25:32.05" dur="00:00:05.64">to school until I was in the sixth<br/>grade, she never told me that story.</p>
    <p begin="00:25:37.69" dur="00:00:01.62">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:25:39.31" dur="00:00:04.66">&gt;&gt; I first heard about it from<br/>friends who attended the ceremony,</p>
    <p begin="00:25:43.97" dur="00:00:04.28">but age and experience haven&apos;t<br/>changed it for me.</p>
    <p begin="00:25:48.25" dur="00:00:06.12">I&apos;m still terrified of flying, even though<br/>I do tens of thousands of miles a year,</p>
    <p begin="00:25:54.37" dur="00:00:06.95">and even though as a graduate student I took<br/>flying lessons, pilots lessons in Ann Arbor.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:01.32" dur="00:00:06.66">Needless to say, I was never meant to<br/>cover wars, but by accident I landed</p>
    <p begin="00:26:07.98" dur="00:00:07.30">in the Middle East on October 6th, 1973, the<br/>day the fourth Middle East war broke out.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:15.28" dur="00:00:07.68">My undergraduate degree was in history, and I<br/>still think of myself primarily as a historian.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:22.96" dur="00:00:09.57">I discovered that war actually living<br/>contemporary history as it played out.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:32.53" dur="00:00:08.23">As a result I&apos;ve covered all six Middle East<br/>wars since then and many on other continents.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:40.76" dur="00:00:04.23">I&apos;ve been terrified through them all.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:44.99" dur="00:00:05.07">But it&apos;s also through my<br/>fears that I know I&apos;ve lived.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:50.06" dur="00:00:08.71">I know I&apos;ve pushed myself, and I&apos;ve gotten<br/>far more out of life than I ever envisioned.</p>
    <p begin="00:26:58.77" dur="00:00:08.09">I witnessed some of the greatest moments of my<br/>life, up close, and I&apos;ve met and talked to some</p>
    <p begin="00:27:06.86" dur="00:00:04.70">of the characters who made that<br/>history, from the leader of Hezbollah</p>
    <p begin="00:27:11.56" dur="00:00:03.06">in Lebanon during the five<br/>years I lived in Beirut,</p>
    <p begin="00:27:14.62" dur="00:00:06.98">to Nelson Mandela when I covered South<br/>Africa, from Muammar Gaddafi in Libya,</p>
    <p begin="00:27:21.60" dur="00:00:05.68">to Pope John Paul the Second when I lived in<br/>Rome and traveled with him around the world.</p>
    <p begin="00:27:27.28" dur="00:00:06.18">Over those 40 years, the people and<br/>events that have inspired me the most,</p>
    <p begin="00:27:33.46" dur="00:00:07.75">have been people often far less famous than the<br/>one&apos;s I&apos;ve mentioned, who overcame their fears.</p>
    <p begin="00:27:41.21" dur="00:00:06.93">In Africa, I was in Soweto, the<br/>township outside Johannesburg in 1976,</p>
    <p begin="00:27:48.14" dur="00:00:03.31">on a day a group of school<br/>children took to the straights</p>
    <p begin="00:27:51.45" dur="00:00:07.12">to launch the first black mass uprising when<br/>the government overnight, changed the language</p>
    <p begin="00:27:58.57" dur="00:00:02.52">that children would learn in schools.</p>
    <p begin="00:28:01.09" dur="00:00:07.11">It was that protest that was bookend it<br/>started and launched the protest that ended</p>
    <p begin="00:28:08.20" dur="00:00:04.49">with the collapse of apartheid<br/>almost a generation later.</p>
    <p begin="00:28:12.69" dur="00:00:04.86">In Europe I was there as<br/>people literally began to take</p>
    <p begin="00:28:17.55" dur="00:00:06.62">over the Berlin Wall marking the<br/>decisive challenge and end to communism.</p>
    <p begin="00:28:24.17" dur="00:00:06.04">Two weeks ago I finished another book<br/>about the uprisings across the Middle East,</p>
    <p begin="00:28:30.21" dur="00:00:06.69">which all started in Tunisia, when<br/>a 26 year old street vendor refused</p>
    <p begin="00:28:36.90" dur="00:00:08.79">to tolerate the governments corruption and<br/>abuse, his act of defiance triggered a movement</p>
    <p begin="00:28:45.69" dur="00:00:06.34">that forced out a man who had held<br/>power for almost a quarter century,</p>
    <p begin="00:28:52.03" dur="00:00:06.59">a movement that accomplished through<br/>peaceful civil disobedience in 30 days.</p>
    <p begin="00:28:58.62" dur="00:00:07.63">Egypt&apos;s protests were triggered by two<br/>young bloggers, one who posted video</p>
    <p begin="00:29:06.25" dur="00:00:05.43">of police corruption and drug dealings on<br/>the internet and the other who mobilized,</p>
    <p begin="00:29:11.68" dur="00:00:08.31">again peaceful protest, after the first blogger<br/>was murdered in public view by two policemen.</p>
    <p begin="00:29:19.99" dur="00:00:06.53">They spawned a movement that ended a<br/>dictatorship that had prevailed for 30 years</p>
    <p begin="00:29:26.52" dur="00:00:03.60">and this time they did it in 18 days.</p>
    <p begin="00:29:30.12" dur="00:00:05.57">In Syria, the current protests were<br/>started by a group of school children</p>
    <p begin="00:29:35.69" dur="00:00:05.88">who wrote anti-government<br/>graffiti on a public wall.</p>
    <p begin="00:29:41.57" dur="00:00:10.79">These are your peers, these are all people who<br/>overcame their fears and jeopardized everything</p>
    <p begin="00:29:52.36" dur="00:00:05.57">for principle and for freedoms that<br/>we too often still take for granted.</p>
    <p begin="00:29:57.93" dur="00:00:03.06">So how does this affect your life?</p>
    <p begin="00:30:00.99" dur="00:00:03.83">Two trends had defined my<br/>lifetime, one was the cold war</p>
    <p begin="00:30:04.82" dur="00:00:03.34">and the other was the rise of extremism.</p>
    <p begin="00:30:08.16" dur="00:00:06.36">Two trends will define your<br/>lifetime, whatever you choose to do.</p>
    <p begin="00:30:14.52" dur="00:00:07.03">The first one is globalization, the evolution<br/>of nations into regional blocks on the road</p>
    <p begin="00:30:21.55" dur="00:00:07.47">to globalization as the basis for everything,<br/>governance and trade and culture and even sport.</p>
    <p begin="00:30:29.02" dur="00:00:05.85">We&apos;re already deep into the<br/>stage of regional blocks,</p>
    <p begin="00:30:34.87" dur="00:00:05.58">militarily the United States now<br/>fights a good number of its conflicts</p>
    <p begin="00:30:40.45" dur="00:00:04.80">through NATO in Afghanistan and now in Libya.</p>
    <p begin="00:30:45.25" dur="00:00:05.09">Economically, our commerce is<br/>increasingly defined as part of NAFTA,</p>
    <p begin="00:30:50.34" dur="00:00:05.96">the North America Free Trade Agreement, or<br/>APEC, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation,</p>
    <p begin="00:30:56.30" dur="00:00:05.93">or a host of other regional blocks, almost<br/>every country in the world today is a member</p>
    <p begin="00:31:02.23" dur="00:00:05.40">of a regional block for all kinds of political,<br/>and military, and economic environmental</p>
    <p begin="00:31:07.63" dur="00:00:06.69">and cultural causes, so we are already<br/>in the midst of a global shake up.</p>
    <p begin="00:31:14.32" dur="00:00:05.72">The map of the world will<br/>certainly look very different</p>
    <p begin="00:31:20.04" dur="00:00:04.24">when you finish your careers than it does today.</p>
    <p begin="00:31:24.28" dur="00:00:07.58">When I graduated, I kind of thought, well,<br/>oops, this is the way the world was going to be.</p>
    <p begin="00:31:31.86" dur="00:00:05.81">The United Nations was formed the year<br/>I was born and there were 57 members.</p>
    <p begin="00:31:37.67" dur="00:00:09.32">Today there are 193 countries, the number<br/>more than tripling, and in my lifetime,</p>
    <p begin="00:31:46.99" dur="00:00:05.77">I&apos;ve witnessed politically and<br/>ideologically the demise of communism,</p>
    <p begin="00:31:52.76" dur="00:00:05.86">the end of military dictatorships in Latin<br/>America, the end of a apartheid in minority rule</p>
    <p begin="00:31:58.62" dur="00:00:06.28">in African, and there is<br/>so much more change ahead.</p>
    <p begin="00:32:04.90" dur="00:00:06.53">And that takes me to the second trend, the<br/>transformation of the Islamic world particularly</p>
    <p begin="00:32:11.43" dur="00:00:06.34">in the Middle East, the last block of countries<br/>to hold out against the democratic tide.</p>
    <p begin="00:32:17.77" dur="00:00:07.66">The change will be profound, just as the<br/>first decade of the 21st century was defined</p>
    <p begin="00:32:25.43" dur="00:00:05.60">by the tragedy of 9/11, the<br/>second decade of the 21st century,</p>
    <p begin="00:32:31.03" dur="00:00:06.12">as you go out into the world will be determined<br/>by the outcomes of the political evil&apos;s</p>
    <p begin="00:32:37.15" dur="00:00:03.47">that are now beginning in the Middle East.</p>
    <p begin="00:32:40.62" dur="00:00:12.03">For all of us, as people or as policymakers,<br/>change is scary, new trends make us fret</p>
    <p begin="00:32:52.65" dur="00:00:09.18">and fear, old ways are better known, they feel<br/>safer, it&apos;s really hard to break new ground,</p>
    <p begin="00:33:01.83" dur="00:00:03.45">I live in Washington, I can<br/>tell you how true that is.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:05.28" dur="00:00:02.98">The Middle East is the best example.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:08.26" dur="00:00:09.68">For 60 years the U.S. opted for stability rather<br/>than the values that define us as a nation.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:17.94" dur="00:00:04.49">The last, the current and the previous<br/>President have both given important speeches</p>
    <p begin="00:33:22.43" dur="00:00:05.57">about democracy, but then did<br/>very little tangibly about it</p>
    <p begin="00:33:28.00" dur="00:00:03.20">until the protests began to lead the way.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:31.20" dur="00:00:03.63">So you may see now where I&apos;m headed.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:34.83" dur="00:00:04.67">Whether as part of a community,<br/>a company, or a government,</p>
    <p begin="00:33:39.50" dur="00:00:05.10">so much will change during your<br/>personal and professional lives,</p>
    <p begin="00:33:44.60" dur="00:00:06.60">and you will often be part<br/>of figuring out how to adapt.</p>
    <p begin="00:33:51.20" dur="00:00:07.02">As policy maker&apos;s you will be constantly<br/>challenged to come up with analysis</p>
    <p begin="00:33:58.22" dur="00:00:08.48">and assessments and most of all solutions,<br/>whatever your field or your specialty.</p>
    <p begin="00:34:06.70" dur="00:00:11.44">The key to each will be to overcome fear, to<br/>look beyond the past, to offer ideas that differ</p>
    <p begin="00:34:18.14" dur="00:00:07.85">from conventional wisdom, to be bold enough<br/>to suggest something different, or new,</p>
    <p begin="00:34:25.99" dur="00:00:07.85">or original, and not to be overcome<br/>by the unknown or the fear of change.</p>
    <p begin="00:34:33.84" dur="00:00:06.44">It&apos;s always much easier to go along with the<br/>old and familiar, but fear keeps us from getting</p>
    <p begin="00:34:40.28" dur="00:00:10.96">to the truth and understanding it, fear of being<br/>different inhibits imagination and creativity,</p>
    <p begin="00:34:51.24" dur="00:00:06.76">fear keeps us from our full<br/>potential, and fear prevents us</p>
    <p begin="00:34:58.00" dur="00:00:04.42">from exploring, especially, as policymakers.</p>
    <p begin="00:35:02.42" dur="00:00:08.48">It&apos;s just as true that conquering fear was<br/>behind some of humankind&apos;s greatest achievement,</p>
    <p begin="00:35:10.90" dur="00:00:07.12">whether the journey of man out of Africa<br/>millennia ago, or exploring the universe today.</p>
    <p begin="00:35:18.02" dur="00:00:06.61">Overcoming fear has lead brave<br/>people to demand individual rights,</p>
    <p begin="00:35:24.63" dur="00:00:04.60">whether no tax without representation<br/>in this country,</p>
    <p begin="00:35:29.23" dur="00:00:05.37">or to people in Egypt&apos;s liberation square.</p>
    <p begin="00:35:34.60" dur="00:00:06.05">One last piece of advice that I&apos;ll share from<br/>my father, who was a very wise law professor</p>
    <p begin="00:35:40.65" dur="00:00:09.16">at this university, he told us, whatever issue<br/>you face, whatever your original knowledge</p>
    <p begin="00:35:49.81" dur="00:00:05.88">or understanding of it, stand<br/>on top of the world and look</p>
    <p begin="00:35:55.69" dur="00:00:06.63">down because you may well see a<br/>broader or a different perspective.</p>
    <p begin="00:36:02.32" dur="00:00:05.36">It&apos;s the single most important piece<br/>of advice I&apos;ve heeded in a lifetime</p>
    <p begin="00:36:07.68" dur="00:00:03.12">of covering wars and revolutions.</p>
    <p begin="00:36:10.80" dur="00:00:06.62">Standing on top of the world is now my<br/>best trick in overcoming my own fears,</p>
    <p begin="00:36:17.42" dur="00:00:08.19">it&apos;s the best way, for me anyway, to move<br/>beyond simply seeing what is happening</p>
    <p begin="00:36:25.61" dur="00:00:06.95">to understanding why it&apos;s happening, he<br/>was right, because at the end of the day,</p>
    <p begin="00:36:32.56" dur="00:00:08.20">no policy will work unless all sides are<br/>taken into account, not only our own.</p>
    <p begin="00:36:40.76" dur="00:00:05.59">So my final bottom line to you,<br/>which I&apos;ll close with a simple,</p>
    <p begin="00:36:46.35" dur="00:00:10.06">go not fearfully into the world even as<br/>you live through fear producing times,</p>
    <p begin="00:36:56.41" dur="00:00:09.10">let fear be only a force to push<br/>frontiers in your life not to limit you.</p>
    <p begin="00:37:05.51" dur="00:00:05.50">Your lives will witness one of the<br/>great transformations in human history,</p>
    <p begin="00:37:11.01" dur="00:00:07.70">and for all I&apos;ve done and seen<br/>in my life, I am so envious.</p>
    <p begin="00:37:18.71" dur="00:00:06.57">So congratulations to the class of<br/>2011 you have great adventures ahead.</p>
    <p begin="00:37:25.28" dur="00:00:02.23">Thank you very much.</p>
    <p begin="00:37:27.51" dur="00:00:20.66">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:37:48.17" dur="00:00:03.71">&gt;&gt; Thank you so much.</p>
    <p begin="00:37:51.88" dur="00:00:05.96">Amazing Blue is the University of<br/>Michigan&apos;s oldest coed acapella ensemble,</p>
    <p begin="00:37:57.84" dur="00:00:04.84">and I&apos;m delighted to welcome Amazing<br/>Blue to the stage to perform two classics</p>
    <p begin="00:38:02.68" dur="00:00:02.83">from the University of Michigan&apos;s songbook.</p>
    <p begin="00:38:05.51" dur="00:00:21.50">[ Silence ]</p>
    <p begin="00:38:27.01" dur="00:02:10.50">[ Singing ]</p>
    <p begin="00:40:37.51" dur="00:00:11.87">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:40:49.38" dur="00:00:02.25">&gt;&gt; Thank you.</p>
    <p begin="00:40:51.63" dur="00:00:04.17">Each year the four schools graduating<br/>students are asked to elect people</p>
    <p begin="00:40:55.80" dur="00:00:02.71">to play key roles at commencement.</p>
    <p begin="00:40:58.51" dur="00:00:05.05">One faculty member is spoken, is<br/>chosen to speak to the classes,</p>
    <p begin="00:41:03.56" dur="00:00:05.05">both sets of graduating classes were<br/>also asked to choose a student speaker.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:08.61" dur="00:00:05.72">As the faculty speaker, the<br/>classes of 2011 elected Yazir Henry.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:14.33" dur="00:00:06.63">Yazir was born and raised in Cape Town, South<br/>Africa, he first came to the Ford School in 2007</p>
    <p begin="00:41:20.96" dur="00:00:03.81">as art house foundation policymaker<br/>and residence.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:24.77" dur="00:00:05.45">Yazir&apos;s intellectual work focuses on the work of<br/>relationship of political structure and violence</p>
    <p begin="00:41:30.22" dur="00:00:02.91">to civic, indigenous, and human rights.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:33.13" dur="00:00:06.02">Since 2008, he has taught courses at the Ford<br/>School on professional and political ethics,</p>
    <p begin="00:41:39.15" dur="00:00:04.17">on social movements and democratic<br/>processes in the global south,</p>
    <p begin="00:41:43.32" dur="00:00:05.83">and on transitional justice mechanisms and<br/>related policies after political conflict.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:49.15" dur="00:00:05.00">As a young man in South Africa, Yazir<br/>worked in the political underground movement</p>
    <p begin="00:41:54.15" dur="00:00:03.31">that spearheaded the downfall<br/>of the apartheid government.</p>
    <p begin="00:41:57.46" dur="00:00:04.79">After the fall of apartheid, he founded<br/>and developed several programs in Cape Town</p>
    <p begin="00:42:02.25" dur="00:00:03.91">that sought to continue the difficult<br/>work of the peace building inspired</p>
    <p begin="00:42:06.16" dur="00:00:05.28">by his experience working with the South<br/>African Truth and Reconciliation Commission.</p>
    <p begin="00:42:11.44" dur="00:00:04.56">Yazir has advised government<br/>institutions, community groups, and G.O.&apos;s</p>
    <p begin="00:42:16.00" dur="00:00:06.01">and social movements on capacity building,<br/>political strategy, program design, and more.</p>
    <p begin="00:42:22.01" dur="00:00:04.58">He has written and lectured widely on issues<br/>related to peace making, political memory</p>
    <p begin="00:42:26.59" dur="00:00:03.45">and trauma, and post conflict reintegration.</p>
    <p begin="00:42:30.04" dur="00:00:04.64">It is a tribute to Yazir, standing<br/>among the student, that they choose him</p>
    <p begin="00:42:34.68" dur="00:00:04.74">to deliver the faculty address, and<br/>so I am delighted now to invite him</p>
    <p begin="00:42:39.42" dur="00:00:09.39">to speak on behalf of the faculty.</p>
    <p begin="00:42:50.44" dur="00:00:00.19">Yazir.</p>
    <p begin="00:42:50.63" dur="00:00:00.38">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="00:42:51.01" dur="00:00:11.03">[ Silence ]</p>
    <p begin="00:43:02.04" dur="00:00:08.02">&gt;&gt; Good afternoon all, students, undergraduates,<br/>your families and friends, faculty,</p>
    <p begin="00:43:10.06" dur="00:00:02.30">esteemed members of the university<br/>administration</p>
    <p begin="00:43:12.36" dur="00:00:03.51">and leadership, honored and esteemed guests.</p>
    <p begin="00:43:15.87" dur="00:00:05.97">When I first came to the university<br/>it was in the middle of an ice storm.</p>
    <p begin="00:43:21.84" dur="00:00:02.05">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:43:23.89" dur="00:00:04.79">&gt;&gt; The storm was both shocking<br/>as it was beautiful.</p>
    <p begin="00:43:28.68" dur="00:00:07.26">I&apos;ve never seen an ice storm before so it<br/>was really scary, that drive along the I94</p>
    <p begin="00:43:35.94" dur="00:00:06.12">to Ann Arbor, I wondered what,<br/>what did I get myself into.</p>
    <p begin="00:43:42.06" dur="00:00:14.86">I&apos;d survived the political horror of my homeland<br/>to be humbled by a taxi drive from the airport.</p>
    <p begin="00:43:56.92" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:43:56.99" dur="00:00:04.52">&gt;&gt; Although I knew different, I told<br/>myself as I entered into Ann Arbor,</p>
    <p begin="00:44:01.51" dur="00:00:05.29">as the taxi lights turned the trees into<br/>exquisite spectacles of light and color,</p>
    <p begin="00:44:06.80" dur="00:00:06.39">almost as if they were rainbows perched upon<br/>the covered branches of ice, I told myself,</p>
    <p begin="00:44:13.19" dur="00:00:03.44">this must be where the idea of<br/>Christmas lights must have come from.</p>
    <p begin="00:44:16.63" dur="00:00:06.02">I made it safely to my hotel,<br/>on the third floor.</p>
    <p begin="00:44:22.65" dur="00:00:00.93">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:44:23.58" dur="00:00:15.08">&gt;&gt; And I enjoyed the dangerous beauty<br/>that has stayed with me to this day.</p>
    <p begin="00:44:38.66" dur="00:00:07.10">As students, there may be much fun and<br/>enjoyment and laughter to be had in Ann Arbor.</p>
    <p begin="00:44:45.76" dur="00:00:06.84">The excitement and confusion after having<br/>stepped into a new body of friends and community</p>
    <p begin="00:44:52.60" dur="00:00:09.57">at the Ford School as well as the University<br/>of Michigan, the initial disorientation</p>
    <p begin="00:45:02.17" dur="00:00:11.82">of coming here; however, completing<br/>your degrees takes effort, dedication,</p>
    <p begin="00:45:13.99" dur="00:00:04.48">fortitude, focus, and application.</p>
    <p begin="00:45:18.47" dur="00:00:04.44">Contrary to some popular notions,<br/>completing these degrees are not easy,</p>
    <p begin="00:45:22.91" dur="00:00:06.77">it takes an inordinate amount of sacrifice,<br/>both self and social, sacrifices have to be made</p>
    <p begin="00:45:29.68" dur="00:00:07.52">by you, and all those around you,<br/>everything and everybody responsible</p>
    <p begin="00:45:37.20" dur="00:00:03.43">for seeing your journeys through to this moment.</p>
    <p begin="00:45:40.63" dur="00:00:05.86">At times, your head spinning with several<br/>term papers for different courses all due</p>
    <p begin="00:45:46.49" dur="00:00:04.42">at the same time, you wondering<br/>what was I thinking.</p>
    <p begin="00:45:50.91" dur="00:00:00.74">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:45:51.65" dur="00:00:02.77">&gt;&gt; Undergraduates cranking out pages and pages,</p>
    <p begin="00:45:54.42" dur="00:00:07.46">wondering how their thoughts are<br/>going to, are going to matter.</p>
    <p begin="00:46:01.88" dur="00:00:04.83">Graduate students nostalgically remembering<br/>the job you left to come here, complaining.</p>
    <p begin="00:46:06.71" dur="00:00:02.19">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:46:08.90" dur="00:00:11.62">&gt;&gt; Just remember the more you laugh,<br/>the more time it&apos;s going to go.</p>
    <p begin="00:46:20.52" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:46:20.59" dur="00:00:06.07">&gt;&gt; Complaining about those of us who<br/>chose the ivory tower for a living,</p>
    <p begin="00:46:26.66" dur="00:00:09.85">wondering how what we do has anything to<br/>do with reality, well this is reality too.</p>
    <p begin="00:46:36.51" dur="00:00:09.10">[ Silence ]</p>
    <p begin="00:46:45.61" dur="00:00:04.20">&gt;&gt; Having achieved this particular<br/>milestone in your particular careers,</p>
    <p begin="00:46:49.81" dur="00:00:06.69">just take another moment now,<br/>to reflect upon your achievement</p>
    <p begin="00:46:58.89" dur="00:00:02.74">and why you came here in the first place.</p>
    <p begin="00:47:01.63" dur="00:00:08.18">Why you submitted yourself to this very<br/>complex regime of trading and preparation.</p>
    <p begin="00:47:09.81" dur="00:00:10.40">Take today, and take another week to<br/>savor your family and your achievement.</p>
    <p begin="00:47:21.77" dur="00:00:07.15">Celebrate what we as a society has achieved<br/>through you, what we as the world have achieved</p>
    <p begin="00:47:28.92" dur="00:00:06.51">through you, let today only be the<br/>beginning of marking this very real</p>
    <p begin="00:47:35.43" dur="00:00:06.26">and very amazing achievement, do this<br/>carefully, and do this with joy before you rush</p>
    <p begin="00:47:41.69" dur="00:00:05.46">onto your next milestone, you&apos;re<br/>new job or you&apos;re new job search.</p>
    <p begin="00:47:47.15" dur="00:00:00.58">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:47:47.73" dur="00:00:09.78">&gt;&gt; Wasn&apos;t met to be funny but.</p>
    <p begin="00:47:57.51" dur="00:00:05.88">[ Silence ]</p>
    <p begin="00:48:03.39" dur="00:00:02.68">&gt;&gt; Share the hugs and share the tears with those</p>
    <p begin="00:48:06.07" dur="00:00:03.01">who have supported you through<br/>this arduous process.</p>
    <p begin="00:48:09.08" dur="00:00:03.18">Remember the distance you<br/>have traveled to get here.</p>
    <p begin="00:48:12.26" dur="00:00:05.51">In this remembering, in this remembering<br/>understand your power along with the power</p>
    <p begin="00:48:17.77" dur="00:00:06.79">of these degrees that our society as a<br/>whole, as a whole has bestowed upon you.</p>
    <p begin="00:48:24.56" dur="00:00:07.11">It is in the totality of this experience<br/>as a student, or mine as an educator here,</p>
    <p begin="00:48:31.67" dur="00:00:04.56">that you will find the purpose and<br/>the true beauty of this University.</p>
    <p begin="00:48:36.23" dur="00:00:10.37">Just as in this university, a common denominator<br/>in all political economic legal social culture</p>
    <p begin="00:48:46.60" dur="00:00:14.40">and spiritual systems is, is people, it is<br/>people, you, me and each and everyone one of us,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:01.00" dur="00:00:04.99">your brothers, sisters, mothers, fathers,<br/>distant cousins, and your loved ones,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:08.47" dur="00:00:02.35">your neighbors, those who live right next door,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:10.82" dur="00:00:03.39">and those who live at the<br/>other side of the world.</p>
    <p begin="00:49:14.21" dur="00:00:05.47">We sometimes go to great lengths to forget<br/>the simple truth, the elixir of life here</p>
    <p begin="00:49:19.68" dur="00:00:07.53">on Earth is not immortality nor is<br/>it eternal youth, it is just people,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:27.21" dur="00:00:07.92">ordinary and everyday people, you and<br/>I, and it is in this search that we</p>
    <p begin="00:49:35.13" dur="00:00:03.53">as ordinary people struggle<br/>and dance to find our place,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:38.66" dur="00:00:06.33">our individual chanson de cur [assumed<br/>spelling] our collective reasons for being,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:44.99" dur="00:00:07.30">our collective, both social and professional<br/>search for a more caring, more tolerant,</p>
    <p begin="00:49:52.29" dur="00:00:05.58">more empathic list, but the list<br/>cynical, humanity and mutuality.</p>
    <p begin="00:49:59.41" dur="00:00:07.32">Humanity, a humanity that is better able to<br/>manage this Earth&apos;s resources, our country,</p>
    <p begin="00:50:06.73" dur="00:00:06.48">our globe, and to find ways that will spare<br/>your children, and their children&apos;s children,</p>
    <p begin="00:50:13.21" dur="00:00:05.35">this default to cynicism<br/>and batons is an easy one.</p>
    <p begin="00:50:23.64" dur="00:00:05.55">I want to argue that it is infinitely more<br/>difficult to bold, to see the potential,</p>
    <p begin="00:50:29.19" dur="00:00:05.54">to see the possibilities, to seek<br/>solutions, and create that that you wish</p>
    <p begin="00:50:34.73" dur="00:00:04.54">to see carefully, slowly, and with purpose.</p>
    <p begin="00:50:42.77" dur="00:00:06.66">Graduates, graduates, this in my mind, is<br/>yours and mine generations responsibility,</p>
    <p begin="00:50:49.43" dur="00:00:07.26">it is in your and your future leadership<br/>that our society places its hope,</p>
    <p begin="00:50:56.69" dur="00:00:07.11">that it places our ideals that<br/>we place our collective dream.</p>
    <p begin="00:51:10.96" dur="00:00:04.88">I was one of those children that Robyn spoke of.</p>
    <p begin="00:51:15.84" dur="00:00:08.41">I want to dedicate the rest<br/>of this words in honor of you,</p>
    <p begin="00:51:24.25" dur="00:00:07.77">but also to those who didn&apos;t make it to these<br/>empty chairs because of all our senseless wars.</p>
    <p begin="00:51:34.49" dur="00:00:07.31">Imagine climbing a mountain, I was born at the<br/>foot of one so just bare the metaphor with me,</p>
    <p begin="00:51:41.80" dur="00:00:07.33">and all you can see is the mountaintop and after<br/>days of growing and climbing, you reach the top,</p>
    <p begin="00:51:50.15" dur="00:00:02.87">it is however covered in a misty haze.</p>
    <p begin="00:51:53.02" dur="00:00:06.21">After hours of rest at the mountaintop,<br/>this haze slowly lifts and instead</p>
    <p begin="00:51:59.23" dur="00:00:04.18">of the wonderful land and ocean<br/>scapes you had previously imagined,</p>
    <p begin="00:52:03.41" dur="00:00:04.28">all you see are more mountaintops<br/>in the distance,</p>
    <p begin="00:52:07.69" dur="00:00:03.01">some even larger than the<br/>one you had just climbed.</p>
    <p begin="00:52:10.70" dur="00:00:07.60">At this point it is easy to get lost in the<br/>intellectual difficulties of the climb ahead</p>
    <p begin="00:52:18.30" dur="00:00:09.45">or the pain of having to turn back, and this is<br/>especially so because this is most likely true.</p>
    <p begin="00:52:30.70" dur="00:00:05.69">It is at this point that I want you to<br/>remember that you must celebrate how far</p>
    <p begin="00:52:36.39" dur="00:00:05.09">and how much you have already climbed,<br/>how much you have already achieved.</p>
    <p begin="00:52:41.48" dur="00:00:03.24">It takes strength in the<br/>knowledge that you have learned</p>
    <p begin="00:52:44.72" dur="00:00:06.04">to successfully climb the mountain you<br/>are standing atop before you will learn</p>
    <p begin="00:52:50.76" dur="00:00:05.50">as much as climbing the next one.</p>
    <p begin="00:52:56.26" dur="00:00:07.69">Standing atop and looking down<br/>and remembering your journey.</p>
    <p begin="00:53:03.95" dur="00:00:08.67">Now you have heard this before and you<br/>will hear it again, our world is in crisis,</p>
    <p begin="00:53:12.62" dur="00:00:04.94">poverty levels are increasing, a large part of<br/>the world is at war, shifting weather patterns,</p>
    <p begin="00:53:17.56" dur="00:00:04.61">earthquakes, tsunami&apos;s, tornadoes<br/>and twisters are wreaking havoc,</p>
    <p begin="00:53:22.17" dur="00:00:05.82">millions of people are affected, many<br/>have been killed, and many die as I speak.</p>
    <p begin="00:53:27.99" dur="00:00:07.08">As professionals and leaders you are going to<br/>be asked to transcend yourselves, your likes</p>
    <p begin="00:53:35.07" dur="00:00:02.53">and your dislikes to understand your social</p>
    <p begin="00:53:37.60" dur="00:00:06.04">and your professional purpose beyond<br/>managerial and social gratification.</p>
    <p begin="00:53:43.64" dur="00:00:08.87">Still, still, you need not, and in fact I would<br/>argue, it is important that you do not fall</p>
    <p begin="00:53:52.51" dur="00:00:06.49">to the wounds and ideas of simple self<br/>sacrifice, of mere self sacrifice,</p>
    <p begin="00:53:59.00" dur="00:00:04.37">this misconception that you reach<br/>the mountain by growing wings</p>
    <p begin="00:54:03.37" dur="00:00:03.55">and flying to the top is a misnomer.</p>
    <p begin="00:54:11.09" dur="00:00:14.73">If I have learned anything in my short life on<br/>this Earth, it is to lead as best as you can</p>
    <p begin="00:54:25.82" dur="00:00:06.68">in the scope of the capacity with the<br/>power available to you at that time.</p>
    <p begin="00:54:32.50" dur="00:00:07.39">Do not fear yourselves and do not fear<br/>life, live it fully and live it in ways</p>
    <p begin="00:54:39.89" dur="00:00:04.76">that will facilitate the collective<br/>resolution of the social, political,</p>
    <p begin="00:54:44.65" dur="00:00:10.44">and economic ills that face us all as<br/>people, just people, ordinary people.</p>
    <p begin="00:54:55.09" dur="00:00:11.03">The most successful of you, the most<br/>successful of you, will be those prepared</p>
    <p begin="00:55:06.12" dur="00:00:04.81">to undertake these takes and<br/>process it directly, slowly,</p>
    <p begin="00:55:10.93" dur="00:00:07.10">humbly with fortitude, love,<br/>yes love, and imagination.</p>
    <p begin="00:55:21.61" dur="00:00:08.46">It is a good thing to bask in the long<br/>shadows of peace, it is a good thing to back</p>
    <p begin="00:55:30.07" dur="00:00:04.33">in the long shadows of peace; however,<br/>I would argue that it is much better</p>
    <p begin="00:55:34.40" dur="00:00:04.20">and far more important to<br/>keep sight and understand of,</p>
    <p begin="00:55:38.60" dur="00:00:03.36">understand how these shadows came<br/>to be there in the first place.</p>
    <p begin="00:55:41.96" dur="00:00:02.30">To remember both the rays of the sun,</p>
    <p begin="00:55:44.26" dur="00:00:06.08">along with the reasons they cast these shadows<br/>simultaneously, those of you who know me well,</p>
    <p begin="00:55:50.34" dur="00:00:03.33">know this is an important for me know either or,</p>
    <p begin="00:55:53.67" dur="00:00:03.21">simultaneously we are to<br/>manage the grave together.</p>
    <p begin="00:55:56.88" dur="00:00:12.67">Each step that you take from here<br/>on in is an act, another one,</p>
    <p begin="00:56:09.55" dur="00:00:04.29">even if there are countless<br/>theories telling you to the contrary.</p>
    <p begin="00:56:13.84" dur="00:00:05.55">Each step you take from here on in as<br/>professionals, as leaders, is an act,</p>
    <p begin="00:56:19.39" dur="00:00:05.89">each step has consequences even if you are<br/>not able to fully comprehend them at the time.</p>
    <p begin="00:56:25.28" dur="00:00:08.58">Walk from here with care, with humility<br/>and empathy, with courage and compassion,</p>
    <p begin="00:56:33.86" dur="00:00:08.38">proud of who you are and what you<br/>have achieved, proud of those you love</p>
    <p begin="00:56:42.24" dur="00:00:08.42">and those you have supported you, just like<br/>you, we, and the faculty, are human beings too</p>
    <p begin="00:56:50.66" dur="00:00:10.42">and we have done the best we can with<br/>our engagement with you, we have,</p>
    <p begin="00:57:01.08" dur="00:00:05.02">you have given meaning to me and to<br/>the aspirations I hold in the world,</p>
    <p begin="00:57:06.10" dur="00:00:05.45">I can say to you now, you have done<br/>so for many of my colleagues as well.</p>
    <p begin="00:57:14.27" dur="00:00:06.32">Thank you for granting me this opportunity, this<br/>privilege and this honor to share in this moment</p>
    <p begin="00:57:20.59" dur="00:00:05.27">with you, your family, and your friends, and<br/>those you love, I am proud to have been a part</p>
    <p begin="00:57:25.86" dur="00:00:04.60">of this faculty and this journey<br/>undertaken over the past two to five years.</p>
    <p begin="00:57:30.46" dur="00:00:05.63">I&apos;m happy and I have no regrets<br/>at having walked along side you.</p>
    <p begin="00:57:36.09" dur="00:00:09.63">Though this has been difficult, it has also<br/>been beautiful, this might sound cliche,</p>
    <p begin="00:57:45.72" dur="00:00:04.57">but there is not rose that<br/>is a rose with no thorns.</p>
    <p begin="00:57:51.55" dur="00:00:09.14">Walk proudly now with strength<br/>and enjoyment and in celebration,</p>
    <p begin="00:58:00.69" dur="00:00:05.54">walk in honor of what you have achieved and walk<br/>in honor for the privilege and the difficulties</p>
    <p begin="00:58:06.23" dur="00:00:05.53">that await you in the face<br/>of what you have achieved.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:11.76" dur="00:00:05.96">Without you, we, as a school<br/>and a faculty do not exist.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:17.72" dur="00:00:08.22">May all our deities, bless each and every<br/>one of you, in the times, both trying</p>
    <p begin="00:58:25.94" dur="00:00:02.37">and beautiful, that lay ahead of you.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:28.31" dur="00:00:01.20">Thank you.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:29.51" dur="00:00:18.76">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:58:48.27" dur="00:00:03.50">&gt;&gt; Yazir, thank you.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:51.77" dur="00:00:07.66">The undergraduate class of 2011 elected<br/>Tom Mahoney to speak on their behalf.</p>
    <p begin="00:58:59.43" dur="00:00:05.54">Tom already has an outstanding research<br/>portfolio, and in fact, just this week,</p>
    <p begin="00:59:04.97" dur="00:00:04.90">took first place in a national<br/>undergraduate research paper competition.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:09.87" dur="00:00:02.70">He was on the editorial board<br/>of the Michigan Daily</p>
    <p begin="00:59:12.57" dur="00:00:04.24">and penned 28 opinion columns for the paper.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:16.81" dur="00:00:04.51">Tom has already started graduate course<br/>work at the University of Chicago,</p>
    <p begin="00:59:21.32" dur="00:00:04.91">and just one year from now he expects to<br/>complete a Master&apos;s Degree in Social Science.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:26.23" dur="00:00:06.43">Tom also has been accepted into the University<br/>of Michigan&apos;s Law School for fall of 2012.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:32.66" dur="00:00:04.26">He plans to study European law and<br/>international human rights law.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:36.92" dur="00:00:04.87">He was born in Rome and is fluent in<br/>three languages in addition to stata.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:41.80" dur="00:00:02.43">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="00:59:44.23" dur="00:00:03.78">&gt;&gt; Tom it is a pleasure to<br/>welcome you to the podium.</p>
    <p begin="00:59:49.51" dur="00:00:09.12">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="00:59:58.63" dur="00:00:06.88">&gt;&gt; Thank you Dean Collins for that gracious<br/>introduction and hello 40&apos;s and 40&apos;s wannabees.</p>
    <p begin="01:00:05.51" dur="00:00:01.99">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:00:07.50" dur="00:00:07.99">&gt;&gt; As I stand before you today, I&apos;m reminded of<br/>how jealous I am of Dean Collins&apos; fancy title,</p>
    <p begin="01:00:15.49" dur="00:00:07.01">the Joan and Sanford Weill etcetera etcetera,<br/>I say jealous because the title is so long</p>
    <p begin="01:00:22.50" dur="00:00:05.26">that if I had such a title by the time<br/>I&apos;d be done delivering it here, times up,</p>
    <p begin="01:00:27.76" dur="00:00:07.21">done with speech, it would be a lot easier, so<br/>never make fun of Dean Collins&apos; title again.</p>
    <p begin="01:00:34.97" dur="00:00:08.52">As I was trying to narrow the focus for my<br/>remarks, I though perhaps its best to start</p>
    <p begin="01:00:43.49" dur="00:00:05.96">with a question, like now that<br/>we&apos;re graduates, what&apos;s next.</p>
    <p begin="01:00:49.45" dur="00:00:03.64">But when you think about<br/>it, perhaps it&apos;s best not</p>
    <p begin="01:00:53.09" dur="00:00:04.56">to ask any question whose<br/>answer is unpaid internships,</p>
    <p begin="01:00:59.06" dur="00:00:05.67">so I thought perhaps a more appropriate question<br/>might take a more retrospective approach,</p>
    <p begin="01:01:04.73" dur="00:00:08.63">like what is public policy, but when you<br/>think about it, perhaps it&apos;s also unwise</p>
    <p begin="01:01:13.36" dur="00:00:04.71">to ask any question that nobody here, except<br/>apparently the Dean seem to know how to answer.</p>
    <p begin="01:01:18.07" dur="00:00:02.05">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:01:20.12" dur="00:00:05.46">&gt;&gt; Long story short, I decided to scrap<br/>the question idea and focus my attention</p>
    <p begin="01:01:25.58" dur="00:00:05.33">on what distinguishes the Ford School from other<br/>departments here at the University of Michigan.</p>
    <p begin="01:01:30.91" dur="00:00:02.21">What makes it unique?</p>
    <p begin="01:01:33.12" dur="00:00:05.30">I immediately thought, I got it, it&apos;s the<br/>popularity of the professors, exhibit a,</p>
    <p begin="01:01:38.42" dur="00:00:06.09">there happens to be a facebook group titled<br/>the Dr. Barry G Rabe appreciation society.</p>
    <p begin="01:01:44.51" dur="00:00:06.56">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:01:51.07" dur="00:00:04.56">&gt;&gt; Which I am happy to inform is<br/>quickly approaching one million members.</p>
    <p begin="01:01:55.64" dur="00:00:02.25">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:01:57.89" dur="00:00:05.46">&gt;&gt; Now admittedly, there is one facebook<br/>group featuring a Ford School faculty member</p>
    <p begin="01:02:03.35" dur="00:00:04.91">that isn&apos;t doing so well, in fact last<br/>I checked, only one person was a member</p>
    <p begin="01:02:08.26" dur="00:00:04.76">of the group titled, I have more<br/>degrees than Profession John Ciorciari.</p>
    <p begin="01:02:13.02" dur="00:00:03.65">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:02:16.67" dur="00:00:02.89">&gt;&gt; Coincidently that member is John Ciorciari.</p>
    <p begin="01:02:19.56" dur="00:00:01.23">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:02:20.79" dur="00:00:03.55">&gt;&gt; Only one qualifies, so.</p>
    <p begin="01:02:24.34" dur="00:00:05.89">But in all seriousness, what distinguishes<br/>the Ford School isn&apos;t its top notch faculty</p>
    <p begin="01:02:30.23" dur="00:00:04.59">with an average of 3.59 degrees, 17<br/>page CV&apos;s, 22 years of education,</p>
    <p begin="01:02:34.82" dur="00:00:03.09">and four personal copies of<br/>the West Wing season four.</p>
    <p begin="01:02:37.92" dur="00:00:02.32">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:02:40.24" dur="00:00:04.88">&gt;&gt; It isn&apos;t even the Ford School chillers,<br/>apparently more temperamental than most</p>
    <p begin="01:02:45.12" dur="00:00:06.33">as evidenced by my personal stack of<br/>759 emails titled the chiller is down.</p>
    <p begin="01:02:51.45" dur="00:00:02.91">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:02:54.36" dur="00:00:07.32">&gt;&gt; No, what makes the Ford School special, at<br/>least to me is it&apos;s vibrant sense of community.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:01.68" dur="00:00:04.07">Let me tell you why I do not<br/>take community for granted.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:05.75" dur="00:00:03.85">When I was growing up, I moved<br/>to three different countries</p>
    <p begin="01:03:09.60" dur="00:00:02.01">within the time span of six years.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:11.61" dur="00:00:04.65">And during the same time period,<br/>I attended four different schools,</p>
    <p begin="01:03:16.26" dur="00:00:05.25">so while all of my classmates had had<br/>the time to build lifelong friendships</p>
    <p begin="01:03:21.51" dur="00:00:02.15">with the kids they had grown up with,</p>
    <p begin="01:03:23.66" dur="00:00:03.52">I constantly felt like an<br/>outsider, like the new kid.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:27.18" dur="00:00:07.13">Then we moved to the United States and high<br/>school came and I was excited by the prospect</p>
    <p begin="01:03:34.31" dur="00:00:04.28">of beginning anew, but as it<br/>turns out, it wouldn&apos;t be so easy.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:38.59" dur="00:00:05.40">For just as I was about to muster the<br/>courage to come out, I read a testimonial</p>
    <p begin="01:03:43.99" dur="00:00:04.07">in the high school newspaper of a<br/>fellow classmate that was almost beaten</p>
    <p begin="01:03:48.06" dur="00:00:05.65">after school just because he<br/>decided to be open about who he was.</p>
    <p begin="01:03:53.71" dur="00:00:06.72">So I thought, you know, maybe new beginnings<br/>will have to wait, but then came college,</p>
    <p begin="01:04:00.43" dur="00:00:06.55">here at Michigan, 40 billion students, 30,000<br/>languages, 40 million majors, and one taxi.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:06.98" dur="00:00:03.76">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:04:10.74" dur="00:00:05.33">&gt;&gt; It was as if I had upgraded from a black<br/>and white television to a multi-colored one.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:16.07" dur="00:00:07.41">But size also has its downsides, and in<br/>a school with nearly 25,000 undergrads,</p>
    <p begin="01:04:23.48" dur="00:00:04.49">it&apos;s easy to feel like no more<br/>than just a grade on a test</p>
    <p begin="01:04:27.97" dur="00:00:03.64">and that is where the Ford School came in.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:31.61" dur="00:00:04.12">Here, I know almost everyone in the<br/>building, and for better or for worse,</p>
    <p begin="01:04:35.73" dur="00:00:02.83">almost everyone in the building knows me.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:38.56" dur="00:00:05.27">Here, I can use the phrases visa<br/>vi, as it were, ex post facto,</p>
    <p begin="01:04:43.83" dur="00:00:02.64">and a priori in the same<br/>sentence and not be ridiculed.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:46.47" dur="00:00:00.97">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:04:47.44" dur="00:00:03.86">&gt;&gt; Admittedly that&apos;d be a<br/>really crappy sentence.</p>
    <p begin="01:04:51.30" dur="00:00:02.12">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:04:53.42" dur="00:00:03.38">&gt;&gt; Here I&apos;m always invited<br/>to trivia night at Charley&apos;s,</p>
    <p begin="01:04:56.80" dur="00:00:03.97">even though I have never<br/>contributed a correct answer.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:01.86" dur="00:00:03.95">Here, I can engage in rigorous<br/>intellectual debate with the same colleagues</p>
    <p begin="01:05:05.81" dur="00:00:03.81">with whom I engage in far<br/>less academic activities,</p>
    <p begin="01:05:09.62" dur="00:00:03.84">at gammero five on some Thursday<br/>nights, the one I remember.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:13.46" dur="00:00:00.33">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:05:13.79" dur="00:00:07.15">&gt;&gt; And here I know I will always be able<br/>to rock it out to Lady Gaga and Necto</p>
    <p begin="01:05:20.94" dur="00:00:02.92">and be welcomed back to a supportive community.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:23.87" dur="00:00:02.28">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:05:26.15" dur="00:00:08.84">&gt;&gt; I cannot tell you how honored, how grateful<br/>I feel to have been surrounded by passionate,</p>
    <p begin="01:05:34.99" dur="00:00:03.89">kind, and intelligent people<br/>for the past two years.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:38.88" dur="00:00:05.88">I cannot tell you how happy it makes me to<br/>be constantly encouraged to be my own person.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:44.76" dur="00:00:04.40">And I cannot tell you how moved I am<br/>that my B.A. classmates have provided me</p>
    <p begin="01:05:49.16" dur="00:00:04.66">with this opportunity to let all of you<br/>know how much I love the Ford School</p>
    <p begin="01:05:53.82" dur="00:00:04.58">and this community right here<br/>that gives Weill Hall life.</p>
    <p begin="01:05:58.40" dur="00:00:07.10">These may be tough economic times,<br/>the labor market might be tight,</p>
    <p begin="01:06:05.50" dur="00:00:06.68">the unemployment rate might be high, the jobs<br/>out there might be few, but I have no doubt</p>
    <p begin="01:06:12.18" dur="00:00:04.72">that the Ford School spirit will live on in<br/>each one of us and that it will open doors</p>
    <p begin="01:06:16.90" dur="00:00:02.40">that would&apos;ve otherwise remained closed.</p>
    <p begin="01:06:19.30" dur="00:00:04.10">And I also know that if we<br/>remain true to ourselves</p>
    <p begin="01:06:23.40" dur="00:00:05.89">and to the values we have acquired here in the<br/>halls of Weill Hall, we will make Gerald proud.</p>
    <p begin="01:06:29.29" dur="00:00:07.45">And so I say to my B.A. friends for the very<br/>first time as one proud Ford School alumn</p>
    <p begin="01:06:36.74" dur="00:00:07.77">to another, congratulations, I love<br/>you all, and thank you so much.</p>
    <p begin="01:06:44.51" dur="00:00:11.89">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:06:56.40" dur="00:00:02.56">&gt;&gt; And then he worked for<br/>the university for two years,</p>
    <p begin="01:06:58.96" dur="00:00:08.66">coordinating [tape cuts out] intergroup<br/>relations, later he lived in Sydney,</p>
    <p begin="01:07:07.62" dur="00:00:03.56">Australia working with the<br/>government of New South Wales.</p>
    <p begin="01:07:11.18" dur="00:00:05.33">Joe I am delighted to invite<br/>you to [tape cuts out]</p>
    <p begin="01:07:16.51" dur="00:00:08.54">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:07:25.05" dur="00:00:04.09">&gt;&gt; I have to adjust the microphone a bit.</p>
    <p begin="01:07:29.14" dur="00:00:05.05">My beloved 40&apos;s, congratulations on arriving<br/>at this day after much academic rigor,</p>
    <p begin="01:07:34.19" dur="00:00:06.80">arduous effort and the occasional sleepless<br/>night induced by either program [tape cuts out]</p>
    <p begin="01:07:40.99" dur="00:00:02.38">as a warning though, both<br/>are equally treacherous.</p>
    <p begin="01:07:43.37" dur="00:00:04.63">[tape cuts out] years ago many of us were<br/>frivolously finalizing our Ford applications</p>
    <p begin="01:07:48.00" dur="00:00:03.49">and often getting the same response from<br/>our well intended friends and family,</p>
    <p begin="01:07:51.49" dur="00:00:04.81">the same question Tom [tape cuts<br/>out] what exactly is public policy.</p>
    <p begin="01:07:56.30" dur="00:00:03.58">It&apos;s both a strength and a<br/>rewarding challenge to our program</p>
    <p begin="01:07:59.88" dur="00:00:03.91">that the Ford curriculum has [tape<br/>cuts out] an inclusive definition,</p>
    <p begin="01:08:03.79" dur="00:00:05.09">simply look at the diversity of the student<br/>body, we boast people from Teach for America,</p>
    <p begin="01:08:08.88" dur="00:00:06.33">Peace Corps, Veterans of [inaudible]<br/>Japanese ministries, NYU law school dropouts.</p>
    <p begin="01:08:15.21" dur="00:00:02.70">We&apos;ve had.</p>
    <p begin="01:08:17.91" dur="00:00:00.14">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:08:18.05" dur="00:00:04.16">&gt;&gt; We&apos;ve had students take a time, a break<br/>from their study to intern at the White House,</p>
    <p begin="01:08:22.21" dur="00:00:05.86">do aid relief in Haiti, and we had Sarah Sarah<br/>Dobec negative factors masters immigration</p>
    <p begin="01:08:28.07" dur="00:00:02.99">policy by transplanting her<br/>husband from the South Pacific.</p>
    <p begin="01:08:31.06" dur="00:00:00.96">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:08:32.02" dur="00:00:05.08">&gt;&gt; We have earned math camp merit badges,<br/>salsa dance with Annabel at Cafe Havana,</p>
    <p begin="01:08:37.10" dur="00:00:03.46">and learned not how to dance, how not<br/>to dance through Ross at Russ Street.</p>
    <p begin="01:08:40.56" dur="00:00:00.58">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:08:41.14" dur="00:00:04.65">&gt;&gt; We had Carl Simon hit us over the head with<br/>a log in calculus and witnessed Jim Levenson</p>
    <p begin="01:08:45.79" dur="00:00:04.26">and all of his sardonic wit bike<br/>up and down here in River Drive.</p>
    <p begin="01:08:50.05" dur="00:00:04.05">After a long day of chasing undergrads out<br/>of the grad lounge, we watched Joe Cougar</p>
    <p begin="01:08:54.10" dur="00:00:02.97">and the Invisible Hands make<br/>their debut performance</p>
    <p begin="01:08:57.07" dur="00:00:04.51">and we went karaoke sings<br/>with, not one, but two phumees.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:01.58" dur="00:00:04.17">We crab raced at Pinchy and Pokey while<br/>doing international economic development</p>
    <p begin="01:09:05.75" dur="00:00:07.09">and we dutily followed Creed Jones and Simon<br/>Tam through the IPE induced streets of Turan.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:12.84" dur="00:00:02.78">The Ford community wearing<br/>it&apos;s plurality proudly</p>
    <p begin="01:09:15.62" dur="00:00:03.47">on its sleeves has given us an<br/>integrative and imaginative skills set</p>
    <p begin="01:09:19.09" dur="00:00:05.21">to make our professional marks on the world<br/>without ever imposing on us narrow constraints</p>
    <p begin="01:09:24.30" dur="00:00:02.90">on how to further realize those skills.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:27.20" dur="00:00:03.38">So, after an incredulous few<br/>semesters, an internship,</p>
    <p begin="01:09:30.58" dur="00:00:03.79">and a double dose of charity auction<br/>later, there is the looming question</p>
    <p begin="01:09:34.37" dur="00:00:03.10">of how do we move forward<br/>in our careers purposefully.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:37.47" dur="00:00:04.67">So I&apos;m going to use some economics lingo here,<br/>so for those of you English majors out there,</p>
    <p begin="01:09:42.14" dur="00:00:02.41">please bear with me for the nest 30 seconds.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:44.55" dur="00:00:03.29">One career approach lies in<br/>the profit maximizing model.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:47.84" dur="00:00:05.19">This is the idea of self interest that gets<br/>promoted at the exclusion of any public good.</p>
    <p begin="01:09:53.03" dur="00:00:07.02">And this model, the chief concern is, maximizing<br/>your bottom line and looking out for yourself.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:00.05" dur="00:00:02.65">At the other end of the spectrum<br/>there is the martyrdom approach</p>
    <p begin="01:10:02.70" dur="00:00:04.32">in which a person&apos;s self interest is fore<br/>gone for some semblance of the public good</p>
    <p begin="01:10:07.02" dur="00:00:04.63">and in this mindset a person sacrifices<br/>sustainable pay, time with family</p>
    <p begin="01:10:11.65" dur="00:00:03.02">and friends, all for a larger purpose.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:14.67" dur="00:00:03.56">And in grabbling with these two<br/>polarities, I found both to be,</p>
    <p begin="01:10:18.23" dur="00:00:04.68">not only untenable, but ultimately<br/>self defeating.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:22.91" dur="00:00:04.28">In the profit maximizing model, there<br/>is an overt obsession with self interest</p>
    <p begin="01:10:27.19" dur="00:00:03.01">that willful ignores our roles<br/>within the larger community.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:30.20" dur="00:00:04.01">And likewise, in the martyrdom<br/>approach, it operates from the subtext</p>
    <p begin="01:10:34.21" dur="00:00:04.07">that if I cannot be great in my<br/>accomplishments, I must be great in my struggle,</p>
    <p begin="01:10:38.28" dur="00:00:04.84">and it seeks often unconsciously to<br/>obtain a sense of moral superiority.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:43.12" dur="00:00:05.35">It is a credit to our program that Ford<br/>curriculum has reconciled that idea that we have</p>
    <p begin="01:10:48.47" dur="00:00:03.09">to make a false choice between<br/>these two paradimes,</p>
    <p begin="01:10:51.56" dur="00:00:02.82">between self interest and public service.</p>
    <p begin="01:10:54.38" dur="00:00:04.14">The Ford School thrives at finding<br/>the overlap between the two,</p>
    <p begin="01:10:58.52" dur="00:00:05.20">and this overlap is best express by<br/>Erik Erikson idea of generativity,</p>
    <p begin="01:11:03.72" dur="00:00:02.76">it&apos;s the buzz word for my speech.</p>
    <p begin="01:11:06.48" dur="00:00:03.22">Developmental physochologist,<br/>Erikson says that healthy adults,</p>
    <p begin="01:11:09.70" dur="00:00:04.74">have as their highest priority a desire<br/>to be generative, which means to give back</p>
    <p begin="01:11:14.44" dur="00:00:02.61">to the world through creative expression.</p>
    <p begin="01:11:17.05" dur="00:00:04.37">For some of us in this room, that has<br/>been or will be through having children</p>
    <p begin="01:11:21.42" dur="00:00:03.79">and having a family, likewise, others<br/>may attempt to give back to the world</p>
    <p begin="01:11:25.21" dur="00:00:02.74">through influencing social and economic policy,</p>
    <p begin="01:11:27.95" dur="00:00:03.08">promoting greater equity<br/>or promoting human rights.</p>
    <p begin="01:11:31.03" dur="00:00:05.24">To be generative is to not be suck in<br/>an either or dualistic way of thinking.</p>
    <p begin="01:11:36.27" dur="00:00:03.92">It suggests that we are at our best when we<br/>are able to come from a position of balance,</p>
    <p begin="01:11:40.19" dur="00:00:03.35">and even though we may not have heard<br/>the term generatively on a daily basis</p>
    <p begin="01:11:43.54" dur="00:00:04.14">in the Ford School, it is reflected through<br/>the integrative ethos of our studies</p>
    <p begin="01:11:47.68" dur="00:00:04.26">and our emphasis on collaboration and community.</p>
    <p begin="01:11:51.94" dur="00:00:04.45">The job market that we live in today is<br/>rapidly changing and the different compartments</p>
    <p begin="01:11:56.39" dur="00:00:03.87">of public, private, and nonprofit<br/>are blurring together.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:00.26" dur="00:00:03.62">The advice from my father&apos;s<br/>generation where people often worked</p>
    <p begin="01:12:03.88" dur="00:00:04.33">in an entire industry their whole<br/>life, no longer really applies.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:08.21" dur="00:00:04.23">We are fortunate to have a degree that<br/>prepares us to move confidently from one spear</p>
    <p begin="01:12:12.44" dur="00:00:03.71">to another, and to analyze this<br/>use from so many perspectives.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:16.15" dur="00:00:04.34">For instance, we could have one<br/>student, let&apos;s call him Linroy Marshall.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:20.49" dur="00:00:00.45">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:12:20.94" dur="00:00:06.57">&gt;&gt; Who, after a busy four semesters of<br/>break dancing at various Ford parties,</p>
    <p begin="01:12:27.51" dur="00:00:04.29">decides to get a job working for disaster<br/>management NGO, in say Santa Barbara,</p>
    <p begin="01:12:31.80" dur="00:00:02.99">moves on to work at the UN and<br/>finds himself 20 years later</p>
    <p begin="01:12:34.79" dur="00:00:04.67">as a private contractor inside the beltway<br/>for a federal agency, Linroy, it could happen.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:39.46" dur="00:00:00.22">&gt;&gt; [Laughing]</p>
    <p begin="01:12:39.68" dur="00:00:05.65">&gt;&gt; If there is any over arching lesson at<br/>Ford, it is the value of embracing paradox</p>
    <p begin="01:12:45.33" dur="00:00:04.63">and the sophistication of finding the<br/>overlap between competing ways of thinking.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:49.96" dur="00:00:04.18">And I trust that we will continue to find<br/>the generative solutions in our lives,</p>
    <p begin="01:12:54.14" dur="00:00:04.62">and where there is no overlap, I<br/>trust we will be able to create one.</p>
    <p begin="01:12:58.76" dur="00:00:04.89">One more thing, Erikson also maintains that<br/>we don&apos;t really reach adulthood until the age</p>
    <p begin="01:13:03.65" dur="00:00:03.15">of 40, everything before 40<br/>is just a dress rehearsal,</p>
    <p begin="01:13:06.80" dur="00:00:02.37">so hats off to Alexis Gill<br/>[assumed spelling] for learning how</p>
    <p begin="01:13:09.17" dur="00:00:02.35">to ride a bike last week, a few weeks ago.</p>
    <p begin="01:13:11.52" dur="00:00:01.08">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:13:12.60" dur="00:00:04.88">&gt;&gt; Ten years before adulthood, she&apos;s ahead<br/>of the curve, and with that in respect,</p>
    <p begin="01:13:17.48" dur="00:00:02.90">hats off to Julie Montero de Castro [assumed<br/>spelling] the last two years have been</p>
    <p begin="01:13:20.38" dur="00:00:02.05">like your Bat Mitzvah, welcome to adulthood.</p>
    <p begin="01:13:22.43" dur="00:00:00.84">&gt;&gt; [Laughing][clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:13:23.27" dur="00:00:04.62">&gt;&gt; It is my privilege to address the student<br/>body encompassing such a diverse range</p>
    <p begin="01:13:27.89" dur="00:00:04.91">of interests, ambitions, backgrounds,<br/>and eccentricities, generativity is also</p>
    <p begin="01:13:32.80" dur="00:00:03.95">about contributing to the world<br/>and benefiting the next generation.</p>
    <p begin="01:13:36.75" dur="00:00:05.64">So I encourage you all to use your Ford<br/>experience to always develop a holistic approach</p>
    <p begin="01:13:42.39" dur="00:00:03.80">to your future and I wish you all<br/>the best of luck in the world.</p>
    <p begin="01:13:46.19" dur="00:00:01.32">Thank you.</p>
    <p begin="01:13:47.51" dur="00:00:12.87">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:14:00.38" dur="00:00:02.54">&gt;&gt; Thank you Joe.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:02.92" dur="00:00:05.62">Well, we are now at the moment that friends<br/>and family, and I dare say our graduates,</p>
    <p begin="01:14:08.54" dur="00:00:02.47">have been looking forward to all evening.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:11.01" dur="00:00:03.00">Our graduates are ready to come to the stage</p>
    <p begin="01:14:14.01" dur="00:00:05.70">to receive official congratulations<br/>on a job so well done.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:19.71" dur="00:00:04.11">This year the names will<br/>be read by Elena Delbanco.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:23.82" dur="00:00:03.85">Elena has been a highly valued writing<br/>instructor here at the Ford School</p>
    <p begin="01:14:27.67" dur="00:00:05.20">for many years, working closely with<br/>many of these graduating students.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:32.87" dur="00:00:05.15">Our students seek Elena out, not only<br/>because she&apos;s an excellent writing tutor,</p>
    <p begin="01:14:38.02" dur="00:00:02.29">but also because of her personal commitment</p>
    <p begin="01:14:40.31" dur="00:00:05.27">to helping students succeed both<br/>inside and outside the classroom.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:45.58" dur="00:00:00.93">Elena.</p>
    <p begin="01:14:46.51" dur="00:00:17.07">[ Background noise ]</p>
    <p begin="01:15:03.58" dur="00:00:05.68">&gt;&gt; It&apos;s my pleasure and my<br/>honor to announce the names</p>
    <p begin="01:15:09.26" dur="00:00:04.69">of our wonderful Ford School<br/>graduates this afternoon.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:13.95" dur="00:00:06.48">I&apos;ll begin with our students who<br/>are earning doctoral degrees.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:20.43" dur="00:00:06.96">Let me begin by welcoming to the stage, Jeff<br/>Smith, a professor of economics in the College</p>
    <p begin="01:15:27.39" dur="00:00:05.50">of Literature, Science and the Arts,<br/>he will hood our first graduate.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:32.89" dur="00:00:05.79">Our first graduate is Jessica Anne Goldberg,</p>
    <p begin="01:15:38.68" dur="00:00:05.73">her dissertation title is essays<br/>and development economics.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:44.41" dur="00:00:02.10">Congratulations.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:46.51" dur="00:00:11.77">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:15:58.28" dur="00:00:01.23">&gt;&gt; Congratulations.</p>
    <p begin="01:15:59.51" dur="00:00:07.63">[ Tape cuts out ]</p>
    <p begin="01:16:07.14" dur="00:00:03.82">&gt;&gt; Ryan Kellogg, assistant professor of<br/>economics at the College of Literature,</p>
    <p begin="01:16:10.96" dur="00:00:03.40">Science and the Arts will<br/>hood our next PhD graduate.</p>
    <p begin="01:16:14.36" dur="00:00:02.86">Ryan please come to the stage.</p>
    <p begin="01:16:20.53" dur="00:00:03.23">Our next graduate is Eric Johnson.</p>
    <p begin="01:16:23.76" dur="00:00:07.75">Eric&apos;s dissertation title is essays and<br/>environmental economics and applied ecometrics.</p>
    <p begin="01:16:31.51" dur="00:00:15.85">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:16:47.36" dur="00:00:04.41">&gt;&gt; Sheldon Danziger, who is the Henry J<br/>Meyer distinguished university professor</p>
    <p begin="01:16:51.77" dur="00:00:04.53">of public policy at the Ford<br/>School, will hood our next graduate.</p>
    <p begin="01:16:56.30" dur="00:00:09.24">Sheldon. Our graduate is Maria<br/>Cherise Johnson [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:17:05.54" dur="00:00:06.24">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:17:11.78" dur="00:00:04.94">&gt;&gt; Maria&apos;s dissertation title is African<br/>American women and their fathers,</p>
    <p begin="01:17:16.72" dur="00:00:02.65">understanding the influence of fathers</p>
    <p begin="01:17:19.37" dur="00:00:05.14">on daughters conceptualizations<br/>of fatherhood and womanhood.</p>
    <p begin="01:17:24.51" dur="00:00:14.86">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:17:39.37" dur="00:00:05.04">&gt;&gt; Mary Corcoran will hood our next graduate.</p>
    <p begin="01:17:44.41" dur="00:00:07.26">Catherine King [assumed spelling] Catherine&apos;s<br/>dissertation title is biological, psychosocial</p>
    <p begin="01:17:51.67" dur="00:00:07.84">and neighborly social relations implications<br/>of the neighborhood built environment.</p>
    <p begin="01:17:59.51" dur="00:00:20.36">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:18:19.87" dur="00:00:05.67">&gt;&gt; Liz Gerber, professor of public policy of<br/>the Ford School will hood our next graduate,</p>
    <p begin="01:18:25.54" dur="00:00:06.92">Robyn Finney [assumed spelling] Robyn&apos;s<br/>dissertation title is diverse interest group</p>
    <p begin="01:18:32.46" dur="00:00:06.05">coalitions in search of welfare<br/>policy in the United States.</p>
    <p begin="01:18:38.51" dur="00:00:17.99">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:18:56.50" dur="00:00:06.80">&gt;&gt; Mary Corcoran and Sheldon Danziger will<br/>hood our final PhD graduate, Mary and Sheldon.</p>
    <p begin="01:19:05.57" dur="00:00:09.56">Daniella Peneja [assumed spelling] Daniella&apos;s<br/>dissertation title is examining a federal</p>
    <p begin="01:19:15.13" dur="00:00:04.67">intervention to improve Latino<br/>college participation,</p>
    <p begin="01:19:19.80" dur="00:00:08.71">evidence from title five developing Hispanics<br/>serving institutions program 2000 to 2007.</p>
    <p begin="01:19:28.51" dur="00:00:14.42">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:19:42.93" dur="00:00:07.99">&gt;&gt; Now, we welcome to the stage our Ford<br/>School graduates receiving a Master&apos;s Degree</p>
    <p begin="01:19:50.92" dur="00:00:04.41">in Public Policy or Public Administration.</p>
    <p begin="01:19:57.17" dur="00:00:03.48">Kyle Jeffrey Aarons [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:00.65" dur="00:00:04.66">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:05.31" dur="00:00:01.80">&gt;&gt; Tuckahero Azawa [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:07.11" dur="00:00:04.23">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:11.34" dur="00:00:01.85">&gt;&gt; Mazahiko Ando [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:13.19" dur="00:00:03.07">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:16.26" dur="00:00:01.23">&gt;&gt; Daskae Baba [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:17.49" dur="00:00:04.37">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:21.86" dur="00:00:02.02">&gt;&gt; Sarah Elizabeth Bonner [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:23.88" dur="00:00:03.28">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:27.16" dur="00:00:01.87">&gt;&gt; Sarah M. Brooks</p>
    <p begin="01:20:29.03" dur="00:00:03.23">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:32.26" dur="00:00:02.18">&gt;&gt; Brian F. Brosmer [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:34.44" dur="00:00:02.97">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:37.41" dur="00:00:02.46">&gt;&gt; Torian Kimberly Brown [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:39.87" dur="00:00:03.00">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:42.87" dur="00:00:01.61">&gt;&gt; Yufan Che [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:44.48" dur="00:00:04.74">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:49.22" dur="00:00:01.55">&gt;&gt; Patrick Cuney [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:50.77" dur="00:00:05.00">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:55.77" dur="00:00:02.52">&gt;&gt; Robert Joseph Dagnum [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:20:58.29" dur="00:00:05.33">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:03.62" dur="00:00:02.99">&gt;&gt; Ashley M. Davis</p>
    <p begin="01:21:06.61" dur="00:00:03.15">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:09.76" dur="00:00:02.62">&gt;&gt; Katherine Mary Decker [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:12.38" dur="00:00:04.00">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:16.38" dur="00:00:01.85">&gt;&gt; Sarah Marie Dent [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:18.23" dur="00:00:03.35">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:21.58" dur="00:00:01.59">&gt;&gt; Otter ah Disi [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:23.17" dur="00:00:05.20">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:28.37" dur="00:00:01.34">&gt;&gt; Kim Dunam [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:29.71" dur="00:00:05.32">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:35.03" dur="00:00:02.56">&gt;&gt; Jared Pong Eno [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:37.59" dur="00:00:04.67">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:42.26" dur="00:00:02.04">&gt;&gt; Umire Erdam [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:44.30" dur="00:00:05.14">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:49.44" dur="00:00:06.44">&gt;&gt; Joshua Fangmeyer [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:55.88" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:55.95" dur="00:00:01.71">&gt;&gt; David M. Fouch [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:21:57.66" dur="00:00:05.16">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:02.82" dur="00:00:01.54">&gt;&gt; Brittany Gellarstarfer [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:04.36" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:04.43" dur="00:00:07.89">&gt;&gt; Fumikazo Goto [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:12.32" dur="00:00:05.40">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:17.72" dur="00:00:02.74">&gt;&gt; Mila Abigail Gouland [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:20.46" dur="00:00:04.42">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:24.88" dur="00:00:01.61">&gt;&gt; Alexis Guild [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:26.49" dur="00:00:04.32">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:30.81" dur="00:00:01.53">&gt;&gt; Mosame Hehara [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:32.34" dur="00:00:04.73">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:37.07" dur="00:00:02.20">&gt;&gt; Gregory Philip Holman [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:39.27" dur="00:00:01.67">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:40.94" dur="00:00:09.31">&gt;&gt; Jennifer Gun Hong [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:50.25" dur="00:00:01.80">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:52.05" dur="00:00:01.73">&gt;&gt; Rena Hoshino [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:53.78" dur="00:00:04.73">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:22:58.51" dur="00:00:02.80">&gt;&gt; Minte Jenad Hossain [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:01.31" dur="00:00:04.60">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:05.91" dur="00:00:01.48">&gt;&gt; Beth Hybar [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:07.39" dur="00:00:05.61">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:13.00" dur="00:00:01.51">&gt;&gt; Lynn Jones [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:14.51" dur="00:00:06.61">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:21.12" dur="00:00:01.54">&gt;&gt; Jay Kolerey [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:22.66" dur="00:00:04.68">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:27.34" dur="00:00:02.85">&gt;&gt; Carolyn Ley [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:30.19" dur="00:00:03.10">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:33.29" dur="00:00:01.99">&gt;&gt; Ashley Nicole Lewis</p>
    <p begin="01:23:35.28" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:35.35" dur="00:00:08.12">&gt;&gt; Carolyn Lethan [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:43.47" dur="00:00:03.51">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:46.98" dur="00:00:02.62">&gt;&gt; Rebecca Lopezchris [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:49.60" dur="00:00:04.96">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:54.56" dur="00:00:02.30">&gt;&gt; Molly Jane McGuire [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:23:56.86" dur="00:00:04.35">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:01.21" dur="00:00:06.72">&gt;&gt; Mahema Mahafavin [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:07.93" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:08.00" dur="00:00:02.62">&gt;&gt; Linroy Marshall the Second [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:10.62" dur="00:00:04.33">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:14.95" dur="00:00:03.62">&gt;&gt; Maria Martin De Armargro<br/>Imesta [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:18.57" dur="00:00:06.10">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:24.67" dur="00:00:02.81">&gt;&gt; Julie Montero de Castro [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:27.48" dur="00:00:04.81">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:32.29" dur="00:00:02.68">&gt;&gt; Mielas C. Montenegro [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:34.97" dur="00:00:02.89">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:37.86" dur="00:00:02.89">&gt;&gt; Christopher Ryan Muller [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:40.75" dur="00:00:05.20">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:45.95" dur="00:00:01.02">&gt;&gt; Tuckro Mukai [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:46.97" dur="00:00:00.68">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:47.65" dur="00:00:05.35">&gt;&gt; Christopher Mureo [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:53.00" dur="00:00:03.78">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:56.78" dur="00:00:01.89">&gt;&gt; Dalan Najib [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:24:58.67" dur="00:00:03.48">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:02.15" dur="00:00:02.72">&gt;&gt; Katherine Hogan Neilson [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:04.87" dur="00:00:03.41">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:08.28" dur="00:00:03.96">&gt;&gt; R. Iori Niambati [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:12.24" dur="00:00:03.00">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:15.24" dur="00:00:02.19">&gt;&gt; Sarah Elizabeth Obed [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:17.43" dur="00:00:04.03">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:21.46" dur="00:00:01.57">&gt;&gt; Annabelle Paez [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:23.03" dur="00:00:05.62">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:28.65" dur="00:00:01.95">&gt;&gt; Parva de Patel [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:30.60" dur="00:00:03.40">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:34.00" dur="00:00:02.73">&gt;&gt; Joseph William Person</p>
    <p begin="01:25:36.73" dur="00:00:03.25">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:39.98" dur="00:00:01.95">&gt;&gt; Wah Pfong [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:41.93" dur="00:00:06.33">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:48.26" dur="00:00:01.58">&gt;&gt; Phillip Rogers [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:49.84" dur="00:00:01.58">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:25:51.42" dur="00:00:06.41">&gt;&gt; Stephanie Rose</p>
    <p begin="01:25:57.83" dur="00:00:03.69">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:01.52" dur="00:00:02.63">&gt;&gt; Victoria Renee Roth [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:04.15" dur="00:00:03.89">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:08.04" dur="00:00:02.81">&gt;&gt; Adam F. Schmidt</p>
    <p begin="01:26:10.85" dur="00:00:03.83">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:14.68" dur="00:00:01.24">&gt;&gt; Anon Sharma [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:15.92" dur="00:00:05.09">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:21.01" dur="00:00:02.58">&gt;&gt; Kasutaka Shimatani [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:23.59" dur="00:00:03.66">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:27.25" dur="00:00:05.73">&gt;&gt; Manuella Stewart Sephentes [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:32.98" dur="00:00:00.96">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:33.94" dur="00:00:02.58">&gt;&gt; Elliott James Sims [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:36.52" dur="00:00:03.64">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:40.16" dur="00:00:02.01">&gt;&gt; Eclar Sensor [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:42.17" dur="00:00:03.86">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:46.03" dur="00:00:01.58">&gt;&gt; Maria Smith</p>
    <p begin="01:26:47.62" dur="00:00:02.46">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:50.08" dur="00:00:01.65">&gt;&gt; Jason Smoot [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:51.73" dur="00:00:03.95">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:55.68" dur="00:00:02.20">&gt;&gt; Elizabeth Joy Stanberger [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:57.88" dur="00:00:00.49">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:26:58.37" dur="00:00:05.51">&gt;&gt; Adam Swinburne [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:03.88" dur="00:00:04.85">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:08.73" dur="00:00:01.85">&gt;&gt; Shawhae Tadome [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:10.58" dur="00:00:04.75">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:15.33" dur="00:00:02.74">&gt;&gt; Elizabeth Mary Talbert [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:18.07" dur="00:00:03.75">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:21.82" dur="00:00:02.44">&gt;&gt; Pien Karen Tem [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:24.26" dur="00:00:03.90">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:28.16" dur="00:00:02.41">&gt;&gt; Simon honcu Tem [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:30.57" dur="00:00:03.76">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:34.33" dur="00:00:02.47">&gt;&gt; Gerald Scott Thompson [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:36.80" dur="00:00:04.39">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:41.19" dur="00:00:02.76">&gt;&gt; Dominique Chantal Warren [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:43.95" dur="00:00:04.25">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:48.20" dur="00:00:02.58">&gt;&gt; Jennifer N. Williams</p>
    <p begin="01:27:50.78" dur="00:00:03.56">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:54.34" dur="00:00:01.05">&gt;&gt; Ross Williams</p>
    <p begin="01:27:55.39" dur="00:00:01.23">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:27:56.62" dur="00:00:05.30">&gt;&gt; Adam Wilson</p>
    <p begin="01:28:01.92" dur="00:00:04.08">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:06.00" dur="00:00:06.23">&gt;&gt; Sarah E. Wyckoff [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:12.23" dur="00:00:00.18">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:12.41" dur="00:00:02.08">&gt;&gt; Kazuya Yosheda [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:14.49" dur="00:00:04.27">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:18.76" dur="00:00:02.03">&gt;&gt; Jim Yun [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:20.79" dur="00:00:04.66">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:25.45" dur="00:00:02.21">&gt;&gt; Christopher Zibraze [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:27.66" dur="00:00:05.02">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:32.68" dur="00:00:07.00">&gt;&gt; And now, we will welcome to the stage our<br/>Ford School students receiving a Bachelor</p>
    <p begin="01:28:39.68" dur="00:00:03.83">of Arts in Public Policy.</p>
    <p begin="01:28:43.51" dur="00:00:09.78">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:28:53.29" dur="00:00:03.20">&gt;&gt; Nicole Amanda Arabach</p>
    <p begin="01:28:56.49" dur="00:00:04.42">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:00.91" dur="00:00:02.06">&gt;&gt; Michael Bertonthall [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:02.97" dur="00:00:04.21">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:07.18" dur="00:00:02.65">&gt;&gt; Erin Maurine Betnoshbiele [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:09.83" dur="00:00:04.57">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:14.40" dur="00:00:02.31">&gt;&gt; Catherine Louise Buck [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:16.71" dur="00:00:04.41">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:21.12" dur="00:00:05.93">&gt;&gt; Ross Lank Chenowski [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:27.05" dur="00:00:01.98">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:29.03" dur="00:00:02.53">&gt;&gt; Daniel Patrick Childs [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:31.56" dur="00:00:04.75">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:36.31" dur="00:00:02.38">&gt;&gt; Andrew Jacob Chinski [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:38.69" dur="00:00:05.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:43.75" dur="00:00:02.64">&gt;&gt; Molly Elizabeth Cohen [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:46.39" dur="00:00:04.55">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:50.94" dur="00:00:01.67">&gt;&gt; Nathan Cole</p>
    <p begin="01:29:52.61" dur="00:00:04.43">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:57.04" dur="00:00:02.65">&gt;&gt; Carolyn Marie Cox [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:29:59.69" dur="00:00:03.99">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:03.68" dur="00:00:02.75">&gt;&gt; Julia Ashley Degal [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:06.43" dur="00:00:04.11">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:10.54" dur="00:00:03.02">&gt;&gt; Jared Russell Gamlin [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:13.56" dur="00:00:04.57">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:18.13" dur="00:00:01.70">&gt;&gt; Ryan Garber</p>
    <p begin="01:30:19.83" dur="00:00:04.40">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:24.23" dur="00:00:02.44">&gt;&gt; Christina Jane Hart [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:26.67" dur="00:00:04.70">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:31.37" dur="00:00:02.00">&gt;&gt; Thomas Jeffrey Held [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:33.37" dur="00:00:00.44">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:33.81" dur="00:00:06.14">&gt;&gt; Honley Herring [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:39.95" dur="00:00:03.92">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:43.87" dur="00:00:04.35">&gt;&gt; Robert Schaefer Hink [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:48.22" dur="00:00:02.30">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:50.52" dur="00:00:02.99">&gt;&gt; Beatrice Elizabeth Anne<br/>Hinton [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:53.51" dur="00:00:04.66">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:30:58.17" dur="00:00:03.07">&gt;&gt; Brian Jeffrey McConnell<br/>Herd [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:01.24" dur="00:00:06.71">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:07.95" dur="00:00:05.64">&gt;&gt; Anna Hanna Hogart [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:13.59" dur="00:00:07.00">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:20.59" dur="00:00:02.93">&gt;&gt; Kyle Richard Krushover [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:23.52" dur="00:00:05.65">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:29.17" dur="00:00:02.86">&gt;&gt; Phillip Raymond Kurdonowitz<br/>[assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:32.03" dur="00:00:05.59">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:37.62" dur="00:00:01.69">&gt;&gt; Alexandra Levy [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:39.31" dur="00:00:04.22">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:43.53" dur="00:00:02.56">&gt;&gt; Justin D. Lewis [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:46.09" dur="00:00:04.38">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:50.47" dur="00:00:02.11">&gt;&gt; Daniel Lux [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:52.58" dur="00:00:03.96">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:56.54" dur="00:00:01.70">&gt;&gt; Kunal Maleek [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:31:58.24" dur="00:00:04.42">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:02.66" dur="00:00:03.96">&gt;&gt; Abigail Covina Marcineak [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:06.62" dur="00:00:04.71">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:11.33" dur="00:00:02.49">&gt;&gt; In cligor Margolous [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:13.82" dur="00:00:04.17">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:17.99" dur="00:00:01.59">&gt;&gt; Chelsey Maupin [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:19.58" dur="00:00:04.38">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:23.96" dur="00:00:01.59">&gt;&gt; Dupika Meli [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:25.55" dur="00:00:04.73">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:30.28" dur="00:00:01.96">&gt;&gt; Noah Shephardneary [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:32.24" dur="00:00:04.82">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:37.06" dur="00:00:02.66">&gt;&gt; Danielle Elise Nelson [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:39.72" dur="00:00:03.30">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:43.02" dur="00:00:02.48">&gt;&gt; Megan Eileen O&apos;Rourke [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:45.50" dur="00:00:03.47">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:48.97" dur="00:00:02.97">&gt;&gt; Stephanie Nicole Parish [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:51.94" dur="00:00:03.34">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:55.28" dur="00:00:02.83">&gt;&gt; Carl Andrew Patchen [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:32:58.11" dur="00:00:04.03">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:02.14" dur="00:00:01.26">&gt;&gt; Neil Patel [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:03.40" dur="00:00:05.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:08.46" dur="00:00:01.63">&gt;&gt; Tomaso Pavone</p>
    <p begin="01:33:10.09" dur="00:00:04.49">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:14.58" dur="00:00:02.59">&gt;&gt; Brian Jordan Rappaport [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:17.17" dur="00:00:04.64">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:21.81" dur="00:00:02.29">&gt;&gt; Peter Rodis [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:24.10" dur="00:00:04.14">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:28.24" dur="00:00:02.27">&gt;&gt; Jenna Jeannette Rowe</p>
    <p begin="01:33:30.51" dur="00:00:04.07">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:34.58" dur="00:00:06.40">&gt;&gt; Chandler Ruff [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:40.98" dur="00:00:00.06">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:41.05" dur="00:00:01.71">&gt;&gt; Anusca Ruvina [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:42.76" dur="00:00:04.80">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:47.56" dur="00:00:02.78">&gt;&gt; Megan Eve Ryan [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:50.34" dur="00:00:02.76">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:53.10" dur="00:00:01.98">&gt;&gt; Lauren Salzman [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:55.08" dur="00:00:03.94">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:33:59.02" dur="00:00:01.85">&gt;&gt; Peter Sol [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:00.87" dur="00:00:04.10">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:04.97" dur="00:00:02.48">&gt;&gt; Alex Schwartz</p>
    <p begin="01:34:07.45" dur="00:00:04.14">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:11.59" dur="00:00:02.56">&gt;&gt; Douglas Adam Sharpe [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:14.15" dur="00:00:04.77">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:18.92" dur="00:00:02.56">&gt;&gt; Stephanie Anne Snyder [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:21.48" dur="00:00:04.40">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:25.88" dur="00:00:03.91">&gt;&gt; Joseph Sycoui [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:29.80" dur="00:00:02.20">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:32.00" dur="00:00:03.63">&gt;&gt; Kelsey Alexandra Von Overloop<br/>[assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:35.63" dur="00:00:04.82">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:40.45" dur="00:00:02.84">&gt;&gt; Brian Chase Wiendlin [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:43.29" dur="00:00:04.08">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:47.37" dur="00:00:02.76">&gt;&gt; Lauren Elizabeth Wiznewski [assumed spelling]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:50.13" dur="00:00:05.01">&gt;&gt; [Clapping]</p>
    <p begin="01:34:55.14" dur="00:00:03.51">&gt;&gt; Kristin Wolf</p>
    <p begin="01:35:08.51" dur="00:00:21.53">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:35:30.04" dur="00:00:04.16">&gt;&gt; I would, thank you so much Elena.</p>
    <p begin="01:35:34.20" dur="00:00:06.97">I would like to ask our graduates to please<br/>stand and face your guests in the audience.</p>
    <p begin="01:35:42.51" dur="00:00:09.54">[ Clapping ]</p>
    <p begin="01:35:52.05" dur="00:00:08.77">&gt;&gt; Our, would our undergraduates, our B.A.<br/>graduates, at this time, please take the tassel</p>
    <p begin="01:36:00.82" dur="00:00:03.44">on your mortar board and move<br/>it from the right to the left.</p>
    <p begin="01:36:04.26" dur="00:00:10.59">Whew! And now, it&apos;s my great pleasure,<br/>I am so proud to present to all of you,</p>
    <p begin="01:36:14.85" dur="00:00:05.92">the Gerald R. Ford School of<br/>Public Policy classes of 2011.</p>
    <p begin="01:36:20.77" dur="00:00:02.74">Congratulations!</p>
    <p begin="01:36:23.51" dur="00:00:28.98">[ Clapping ]</p>
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